Architecturally, the Seljuqs' dominion makes a significant shift from the Pre-Islamic Sassanid squinches into a sophisticated transition mechanism employed to change the walls of a square chamber to an octagonal base to set a dome which this initiated a new construction methodology to hybridize the previous experiences of Sassanid domes with new architectural tendencies since the previous under...

Abstract Ornamental adornment of the Kharraqan tomb towers, most outstanding funeral monuments Seljuk era in NW Iran, and those four best-preserved Seljuq brick minarets northern documents artistic canon pre-glaze stage Iranian Islamic architecture. Despite some later interruptions, these their plain-brick ornaments, as well ‘virtually interlaced’ stand at beginnings a rich development that led...

understanding the historical events and developments of iran during seljuq era sustains some major limitations and deficiencies comparing with other historical periods of iran after the advent of islam, due to certain circumstances of historiography and historical resources of that time. lack of formal policy of seljuq rulers in supporting historians and avoidance of the majority of historians ...

aggregation of ash'ari theology and pre-islamic practical wisdom of iranians is one of the characteristics of historiography during seljuq period. indeed, the iranshahri’s political thought had been revived and regarded as a practical model for seljuq sultans in siyar al-muluk (statesmanship manners of kings) and historical texts. the beginning of the nezam al-mulk’s ministry was also the ...


 The reign of the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtafī (r. 1136–1160) was one great historical significance. Despite his having been chosen and elevated to caliphate by Seljuq sultans during nadir power, after they had murdered deposed another, it who finally succeeded in reestablishing political rule over Iraq. This article traces course al-Muqtafī’s relations with sultans, analyzes how why he revi...