Most countries are using some kinds of pharmaceutical policies, like external reference-based pricing, to control the costs of medicines. This policy could be implemented in different ways and there is no systematic method for selecting reference countries. In this study, we tried to identify and classify the factors affecting the selection of reference countries in Iran. Delphi method was empl...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric data-driven approach for evaluating the efficiency of set homogeneous decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. The number performance factors (inputs outputs) plays crucial role when applying DEA to real-world applications. In other words, if significantly greater than DMUs, it highly possible arrive at large portion effi...

The design and implementation team of computer automation systems for the Polish power industry faced many difficult problems connected with the lack of experience in this domain in the country. Another kind of problems was implied by different levels of information and communication technology in that country and in well developed ones. The differences were generated by both internal (importat...

We use “selecting” as a general term for selection processes, including filtering, retrieval, routing, and searching. The search for recorded knowledge in a digital library environment is examined in terms of selection at three levels: 1. Selecting which library (repository) to look in; 2. Selecting which document(s) within a library to look at; and 3. Selecting fragments of data (text, numeric...