The effectiveness of an extractive distillation process relies on the choice of the extractive solvent. The conventional methodology to select solvents is based on Group Contribution Methods. Ionic liquids have shown several advantages over conventional solvents used in extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction processes. However, there is no existing methodology to select ILs as sol...

Dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile (ACN) are the most commonly used solvents for polylactic acid (PLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). In order to select a suitable solvent system for the preparation of PLGA microspheres containing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), the stability of TNF-a when mixed with DCM and ACN under various phase conditions was investigated. When the TNF-a ...

Pharmaceutical field is widely focusing on solubility parameter models to select solvent or non-solvent that can enhance solvency of drug. Solubility Parameter very useful concept in understanding the mechanism and behavior with their applications pharmaceuticals open door research having focus theoretical considerations solubility. Hildebrand Hansen are frequently used identify solvents.

In the last twenty years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have acquired considerable popularity as ligands for transition metals, organocatalysts and in metal-free polymer synthesis. NHCs are generally derived from azolium based salts NHCH+X− by deprotonation or reduction (chemical or electrochemical) of NHCH+. The extensive knowledge of the physicochemical properties of NHCH+/NHC system could h...

We explore the role that choice of comparison groups plays in explaining impasse in teacher contract negotiations. We hypothesize that the negotiators select "comparable" districts in a biased fashion such that teachers' salaries in districts that unions view as comparable are higher than teachers' salaries in districts that school boards view as comparable. We also predict that strike activity...

Abs ' t rae t In this paper , a class of algori thms for the problem of system identification in ~ are investigated. These algorithms are characterized by a two-stage structure and involve a class of window functions. Some conditions in terms of properties of the window functions are derived, which guarantee robust convergence of the algorithms. Identification errors are analyzed for several co...