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Forward modeling of reflection seismic data is a computational process through which a geologic model (units: horizontal distance, vertical depth; layer acoustic impedance) of the subsurface is transformed into a synthetic reflection seismic record (units: horizontal distance, 2-way travel time; reflection amplitude). Synthetic seismic records (synthetics) are often generated both before and af...

Seismic modeling aids the geophysicists to have a better understanding of the subsurface image before the seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. In this regard, seismic survey modeling is employed to make a model close to the real structure and to obtain very realistic synthetic seismic data. The objective of this study is to analyze the resolution and illumination of the fault by...

3D seismic data acquisition brought a sea change in subsurface imaging. The bridge between geology and seismic is P/S wave velocity of different subsurfaces/lithology. The technique has acquired prime importance due to its inherent strength of determining seismic velocity/amplitudes of the different medium. Lithological variations estimations is possible due to proper Vp/Vs ratio or either velo...

any 3d seismic survey can have an acquisition footprint. acquisition footprint is an expression of the surface geometry (most common on land data) that leaves an imprint on the stack of 3d seismic data. often we recognize it as amplitude and phase variations on time slices, which of course display the amplitudes within our data set at a specified two way time (cordsen, 2004). on the other hand,...

A seismic method (e.g., surfaceor body-wave method) has been often used in pavement engineering to evaluate such critical constructional parameters as the E-modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Conventional method usually uses one or two-channel recording device (e.g., dynamic signal analyzer) for data acquisition whose cost is by no means trivial. In addition, recent applications with the multichannel...

Seismic acquisition footprint generally consists of modulations in recorded amplitudes that are spatially correlated to the surface locations of sources and receivers used in a survey. These amplitude variations obscure the true reflection response of the subsurface. In this study, synthetic seismic data were produced using numerical modelling code written in MATLAB. An “exhaustive” dataset was...

[1] The most common form of seismic exploration remains a nearly linear survey with data acquisition lines including the source and receivers. The interpretation of amplitude and waveform information for such linear acquisition requires consideration of 3D seismic wavefields. In many scenarios the structure is approximately 2D, but still modeling is needed for point sources. In recent years 2.5...