It is a well-established empirical fact that economic growth and development brings about major changes in sectorial output, employment, and consumption structure. In the context of economic development discussion, structural change refers to the change in key components of macroeconomic indicators, including national production and expenditure, exports and imports, population, and the sectoria...

Our aim is to examine whether sectorial production shocks have predominated in Mexico’s long annual real output, and whether shocks from different sectors are correlated. We study the long-run movement and comovements of 6 production sectors, using long, low frequency data for the Mexican economy from 1921 to 1993 and Johansen’s (1991, 1995) method to test for cointegration, that is, the possib...

Environmental problems are one of the most challenging issues for the entire world and each country. In economic studies, environmental issues are analyzed as negative externalities. In this article, the negative externalities of electricity production on the output growth of different sectors and household’s welfare in Iran’s economy have been studied through price system using Computable Gene...

The Effect of Educational Expenditure on Economic Productivity: A Comparison of the Situations in Iran, India, Japan, Germany, and Australia A. Abbaaspoor, Ph.D. E. Jahaangard, Ph.D. E. Misaaghifar Different countries may differ in their educational systems, but they are the same as far as their educational systems interacting with their socio-economic systems.  From a ...

This study aims to understand the dynamics of aggregate and sectorial employment elasticity output growth in Kazakhstan economy from 1996 2019. To serve our purpose, a rolling regression method with window 6 years has been used estimate sectoral elasticity, an ARDL bounds testing approach incorporated assess impact various macroeconomics determinants. The results indicate existence cointegratio...

In this paper, we introduce a sectorial episode of the form C → r, where C is a set of events and r is an event. The sectorial episode C → r means that every event of C is followed by an event r. Then, by formulating the support and the confidence of sectorial episodes, in this paper, we design the algorithm Sect to extract all of the sectorial episodes that are frequent and confidential from a...

INTRODUCTION Gomphodonts are a clade of derived non-mammalian cynodonts characterized by the possession of transversely expanded postcanine teeth with crown-to-crown occlusion. These molar-like postcanines, characterized as ‘gomphodont’ teeth, are generally considered to be specialized for processing a predominantly herbivorous diet (Hopson 1971). If the contentious Tritylodontidae are omitted ...