the effects of including incoherent (bound-electron) and coherent (rayleigh) scattering in exposure buildup factor calculations for point isotropic gamma ray sources, penetrating a two-layer water-lead shield have been investigated in the gamma ray energy (e?) range of 40 kev to 3 mev. incoherent scattering decreases the values of these factors in both layers up to e? ~ 200 kev and the effect i...

The effects of including incoherent (bound-electron) and coherent (Rayleigh) scattering in exposure buildup factor calculations for point isotropic gamma ray sources, penetrating a two-layer water-lead shield have been investigated in the gamma ray energy (E?) range of 40 keV to 3 MeV. Incoherent scattering decreases the values of these factors in both layers up to E? ~ 200 keV and the effect i...

new kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. addition of 0.05 m a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 m 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (mpii) and...

dye sensitized solar cell was fabricated from a double layer photoanode. first, tio2 nanoparticles  were synthesized by hydrothermal method. these tio2 nps were deposited on fto glasses by electrophoretic deposition  method in applied voltage of 5 v and epd time of 2.5-10 min. then tio2 hollow spheres (hss) were synthesized by sacrificed template method with carbon spheres as template and ttip ...

p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; direction: rtl; line-height: 120%; text-align: right; }a:link { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); } In this paper, the reported experimental data related to electrical transport properties in bulk ZnO, ZnMgO/ZnO and ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO single and double heterostructures were analyzed quantitavely and the most important scattering parameters on controlling electron concentratio...

Titanium dioxide-based nanofibers (TiO2 nanofiber) were prepared by an electrospinning technique. The electrospun composite fibers were synthesized at different concentrations of titanium isopropoxide (25.35, 50.69, 76.05 wt%) and calcinated at different temperatures (450 oC, 650 oC and 850 oC) for 2 h. The diameters of nanofibers decreased by increas...

introduction: in this study, we intend to use diffuse optical tomography (dot) as a noninvasive, safe and low cost technique that can be considered as a functional imaging method and mention the importance of image reconstruction in accuracy and procession of image. one of the most important and fastest methods in image reconstruction is the boundary element method (bem). this method is introdu...

PREFACE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 BASIC CONCEPTS 2. I ECHO SIGNAL SINGLE TARGET 2.2 ECHO SIGNAL MULTIPLE TARGETS 2.3 CORRELATION 2.4 TIME AVERAGING 3.0 ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION 3.1 THICK SCATTERING LAYER 3.2 ENVELOPE SAMPLING 3.3 ENVELOPE INTEGRATION 3.4 THIN SCATTERING LAYER 3.5 VARIANCE ERROR THICK SCATTERING LAYER 3.6 VARIANCE ERROR THIN SCATTERING LAYER 4.0 SUMMARY 5.0 CONCLUSION APPENDIX A DISTRIBU...