Scatophagus argus argus (Green Scat) is a pretty aquarium fish. Its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. In this study 60 specimens of Green Scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of Boushehr (south of Iran) from May 2011 to April 2012. Anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. Scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping t...

scatophagus argus argus (green scat)is a pretty aquarium fish. its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. in this study 60 specimens of green scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of boushehr (south of iran) from may 2011 to april 2012. anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping th...

Scatophagus argus argus (Green Scat) is a pretty aquarium fish. Its hard spines are venomous and can cause painful injury. In this study 60 specimens of Green Scat were collected periodically from coastal waters of Boushehr (south of Iran) from May 2011 to April 2012. Anatomical features of venomous spines were investigated. Scat venom was extracted from the spines in a new manner for keeping t...

Seals and commercial fisheries are potential competitors for fish and cephalopods. Research into the diet of British seal species has been based on conventional dietary analyses, but these methods often do not allow assignment of species identity to scat samples. We present a protocol for obtaining DNA from seal scat (faecal) samples which can be used in polymerase chain reactions to amplify bo...

Organotin compounds have been found different application in industries, agricultures and pharmacological sciences via their various physical and biological specifications. One of the most important applications of these compounds, especially tributyltin TBT is in marine antifouling paints and coatings. Concern about the accumulation of tributyltin compounds on fish and shellfish and the advers...

Assessment of pinniped predation most often relies on analysis of the hard, undigested prey remains evident in faecal (scat) samples. For many prey species this method can yield valuable information on predator–prey interactions. For some genera, however, species diagnostic characteristics are lost during the process of prey digestion, thereby preventing morphological identification of fish pre...

The DNA of prey present in animal scats may provide a valuable source of information for dietary studies. We conducted a captive feeding trial to test whether prey DNA could be reliably detected in scat samples from Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Two sea lions were fed a diet of fish (five species) and squid (one species), and DNA was extracted from the soft component of collected scat...

The US Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Red Wolf Recovery Program recognizes hybridization with coyotes as the primary threat to red wolf recovery. Efforts to curb or stop hybridization are hampered in two ways. First, hybrid individuals are difficult to identify based solely on morphology. Second, managers need to effectively search 6000 km(2) for the presence of coyotes and hybrids. We dev...

The reproductive-related studies, including genetic and genomic such as gonadal transcriptome analyses, have previously focused on the adult spotted scat, with little information juvenile fish. Transcriptomics is a powerful tool that allows for massive parallel analysis to identify differential expression patterns of gene holistically at particular stage in cell or tissue development. This stud...

Collection of scat samples is common in wildlife research, particularly for genetic capture-mark-recapture applications. Due to high degradation rates of genetic material in scat, large numbers of samples must be collected to generate robust estimates. Optimization of sampling approaches to account for taxa-specific patterns of scat deposition is, therefore, necessary to ensure sufficient sampl...