We investigated the occurrence rate of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in exotic pet reptiles Saudi Arabia. Salmonellae samples were collected from eight different genera (snakes and lizards). Selective enrichment selective plating procedures carried out order to detect salmonellae. Isolated bacteria identified using biochemical tests, API 20E strips, VITEK compact system. Antimicrobial suscep...

Eggshell fragments, paper pads from chick boxes, and fluff samples were obtained from three commercial primary breeder hatcheries and analyzed for the presence and level of salmonellae with identical laboratory methods in 1991 and 1998. Overall, 29 of 180 samples (16.1%) from the three hatcheries in 1998 were contaminated with salmonellae, whereas in 1991, 11.1% of the overall samples were foun...

AIMS To investigate the growth of salmonellae on sprouting alfalfa seeds as affected by the inoculum size, microbial load and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79. METHODS AND RESULTS Alfalfa seeds pre-inoculated with < or =10(1)-10(3) CFU g(-1) of salmonellae and with or without Ps. fluorescens 2-79 were sprouted in glass jars and the population of salmonellae were determined daily for up to 6 days....

The presence of salmonellae in fertile broiler hatching eggs has been clearly identified as a critical control point in the salmonellae contamination of broiler chickens. This paper reviews the published research studies on a) the penetration and proliferation of salmonellae in hatching eggs, b) the consequences of this contamination on the contamination of the final product, and c) the egg's d...

A series of four paired-house studies was conducted in Arkansas, Alabama, and Georgia (two farms) to determine the efficacy of Mucosal Starter Culture (MSC) in eliminating or reducing salmonellae in broiler chickens. Randomly designated chicks were treated twice with MSC. First they were sprayed with an MSC solution using a spray vaccination cabinet in the hatchery, and then they received MSC i...

Cecal droppings from four commercial turkey flocks (two flocks of hens and two flocks of toms) were analyzed for the presence of naturally occurring salmonellae at ages 6, 10, and 15 weeks and for the presence of Campylobacter spp. at ages 3, 6, 10, and 15 weeks. The salmonellae contamination rates in these turkey flocks appeared to be somewhat different from that observed in broiler production...

Sediment, water, and fish gut samples taken at three sites near the headwaters of the San Marcos River, Texas, were analyzed for salmonellae Salmonella spp. by culture and molecular techniques. While enrichment cultures from sediment and water samples from the two uppermost sites were negative for salmonellae in polymerase chain reaction analyses, both sediment and water samples were positive a...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of chronic typhoidal salmonellae amongst food vendors in Kumasi Ghana. DESIGN A prospective study. SETTING Sitting and itinerant food vendors in Kumasi. METHODS Screening of 258 (230 females of 28 males) healthy food vendors for Salmonella typhi, and S. paratyphi A, B, and C, using stool culture, the widal test, and standard microbiological identifica...

Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria often detected in waters impacted by human or animal wastes. In order to assess the fate of salmonellae in supposedly pristine environments, water and natural biofilm samples along with snails (Tarebia granifera) and crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) were collected before and up to 7 days following four precipitation events from sites within the headwater spring...

We have previously shown that intranasal infection of mice with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain UAB (MHV-UAB) increases their resistance to Salmonella typhimurium injected intravenously 6 days later. To study how salmonella resistance was induced, BALB/cAnNCr mice were infected with salmonella strains carrying specific genetic alterations. One set of studies compared the effect of MHV infect...