background: in process industries, production, storage, transportation, usage and disposal of chemicals are inherently dangerous and the risk of catastrophic accident occurrence is potentially high. to improve safety level in these industries, establishment of process safety management (psm) system is considered as the most effective measures. this study was conducted to determine the degree of...

the establishment of good process safety management (psm) is widely considered as the most effective means of improving safety levels in process industries. this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of establishing and implementing psm requirements based on occupational health and safety assessment series 18001 standards (ohsas 18001) and health, safety and environment management sys...

For any software system upon which lives depend, the most important question one can ask about it is, ‘How do we know the system is safe?’ Despite the critical importance of this question, no widely accepted, generally applicable answer exists. Instead, debate continues to rage over the question, with theorists and practitioners quarrelling with each other and amongst themselves. This paper sug...

FUNCTION Mass/energy flow and balance GENERAL FUNCTION Flow and storage of heat, etc. PHYSICAL FUNCTION States of components what? what? what? what? what?

abstract aims: health, safety and environment is an integrated and convergence system and also a synergistic arrangement of human resources, facilities and equipment. this study aimed to determine the relationship of safety climate and perception of risk with the awareness level of hse management system among oil refineries employees. instrument & methods: this cross-sectional study was perform...

This white paper lays out some foundational information about different approaches to safety: how various industries differ in their approaches to safety engineering, and a comparison of three general approaches to safety (system safety, industrial safety engineering, and reliability engineering). An attempt is made to lay out the properties of industries and systems that make one approach more...

Safety case development is not a post-development activity, rather it should occur throughout the system development lifecycle. The key components in a safety case are safety arguments. Too often, safety arguments are constructed without proper reasoning. Inappropriate reasoning in safety arguments could undermine a system’s safety claims, which in turn contributes to safety-related failures of...

System safety research has a weakness in terms of evaluation. In particular, the field has a poor track record for applying appropriate research methods to the questions we wish to answer, and for evaluating the answers in a convincing way. Given changes in government and public attitudes to research funding, this will be an increasing concern in the near future. In this paper, we define a taxo...

In previous papers, we asserted that software system safety is primarily concerned with epistemic questions, that is, questions concerning knowledge and the degree of confidence that can be placed in that knowledge. We also enumerated a set of 21 foundational epistemic questions, discussed some of the difficulties that exist in answering these questions adequately today, and speculated briefly ...