BACKGROUND Cellular responses to proton beam irradiation are not yet clearly understood, especially differences in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high-energy proton beams depending on the position on the Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP). Towards this end, we investigated the differences in the biological effect of a high-energy proton beam on the target cells placed at different pos...

The effect of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-β-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd) on proton-induced cell death was evaluated in human lung carcinoma cell line A549 and Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line V79 to enhance relative biological effectiveness (RBE) within the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) of proton beams. Treatment with ECyd significantly enhanced the proton-induced loss of clonogenicity and incre...

Feathers are appendages of skin in avians and provide a model for analyzing skin appendage morphogenesis. The feathers of Chinese Silky (CS) and White Leghorn (WL) chickens have distinct phenotypes. Based on preliminary genetic results, we cloned the chicken gene sobp (encoding sine oculis binding protein homolog, which is expressed at a higher level in the dorsal skin and in the feather follic...

In the clinic, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.1 has usually been used in relation to the whole depth of the spread-out Bragg-peak (SOBP) of proton beams. The aim of this study was to confirm the actual biological effect in the SOBP at the very distal end of clinical proton beams using an in vitro cell system. A human salivary gland tumor cell line, HSG, was irradiated wi...

In this paper, we define the Association of Standardized Patient Educators (ASPE) Standards of Best Practice (SOBP) for those working with human role players who interact with learners in a wide range of experiential learning and assessment contexts. These human role players are variously described by such terms as standardized/simulated patients or simulated participants (SP or SPs). ASPE is a...

Biological validation of new radiotherapy modalities is essential to understand their therapeutic potential. Antiprotons have been proposed for cancer therapy due to enhanced dose deposition provided by antiproton-nucleon annihilation. We assessed cellular DNA damage and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a clinically relevant antiproton beam. Despite a modest LET (~19 keV/μm), antiprot...

Intellectual disability (ID) affects 1%-3% of the general population. We recently reported on a family with autosomal-recessive mental retardation with anterior maxillary protrusion and strabismus (MRAMS) syndrome. One of the reported patients with ID did not have dysmorphic features but did have temporal lobe epilepsy and psychosis. We report on the identification of a truncating mutation in t...

PURPOSE To investigate the variations in induction and repair of DNA damage along the proton path, after a previous report on the increasing biological effectiveness along clinically modulated 60-MeV proton beams. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human skin fibroblast (AG01522) cells were irradiated along a monoenergetic and a modulated spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) proton beam used for treating ocular m...

This work aimed at measuring cell-killing effectiveness of monoenergetic and Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) carbon-ion beams in normal and tumour cells with different radiation sensitivity. Clonogenic survival was assayed in normal and tumour human cell lines exhibiting different radiosensitivity to X- or gamma-rays following exposure to monoenergetic carbon-ion beams (incident LET 13-303 keV/mic...