It has been established that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) benefits patients and/or animals with heart failure. However, the impact of VNS on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated how vagal afferent stimulation (AVNS) impacts baroreflex control of SNA. In 12 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, we controlled the pressure in isolated bilateral carotid sinu...

SNA-8073-B, an inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase isolated from the broth filtrate of Streptomyces sp. SNA-8073, is a new isotetracenone antibiotic. It was purified by ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography on ODS column. SNA-8073-B has the molecular formula of C20H16O5 and is a stereoisomer of SNA-8073-A (fujianmycin B, rubiginone A...

To determine whether neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) specifically control the sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT SNA), thereby regulating adipocyte metabolism and BAT thermogenesis, the responses in BAT SNA to disinhibition of RPa neurons and to disinhibition of neurons in the vasomotor region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were compared with those ...

The zygotic effect gene snail (sna) encodes a zinc-finger protein required for mesoderm formation in Drosophila embryos. By in situ analysis, sna transcripts are first detected at syncytial blastoderm and persist until very late stages of embryogenesis. Expression of sna is transient and is observed in tissues derived from all three germ layers. Prior to germband elongation, sna RNA accumulatio...

Leptin contributes to the regulation of thermogenesis. In rodents, sympathetic nerve activity efferent to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT-SNA) is involved. On the basis of the hypotheses that 1) leptin acutely potentiates hypothermia-induced increases in IBAT-SNA; 2) this action of leptin is specific to IBAT-SNA, i.e., it does not occur with renal sympathetic nerve activity (R-SNA); an...

The interplay between state negative affect (SNA) and somatic symptoms is well-established in daily life, but the nature of the association is unclear. Questions remain regarding the role, if any, that SNA plays apart from trait negative affect (TNA), the direction of the association, and whether the relationship with SNA varies according to symptom type. Associations between three constellatio...

In women, cardiac deaths attributable to tobacco exposure have reached the same high levels as men. Normally, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) fluctuates according to the menstrual phase, but in habitual smokers, SNA levels remain constant. Our purpose is to extend these observations to other groups of women exposed to tobacco smoke and to explore potential mechanisms. We hypothesize that women...

Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) contributes appreciably to the control of physiological function, such that pathological alterations in SNA can lead to a variety of diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss the characteristics of SNA, briefly review the methodology that has been used to assess SNA and its control, and to describe the essential role of neurophysiological studies in consci...

In the present paper, a series of totally novel bio-nanocomposite films from cellulose laurate (CL) and starch nanocrystals acetate (SNA) were fabricated, and the properties of nanocomposite films were investigated in detail. SNA was obtained by modifying starch nanocrystals (SNs) produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of corn starch with acetic anhydride. The favorable dispersity of SNA in chlor...