The somatosensory-evoked blink response (SBR) is a newly identified blink reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. The present study was performed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying the SBR elicited by median nerve stimulation in normal subjects. The peripheral afferents responsible for the SBR included low-threshold cutaneous fibres. In the SBR-positiv...

Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a biotrophic fungus provoking SBR disease. SBR poses a major threat to global soybean production. Though several R genes provided soybean immunity to certain P. pachyrhizi races, the pathogen swiftly overcame this resistance. Therefore, fungicides are the only current means to control SBR. However, insensitivity to fungicides is soaring in P. pachyrhizi and, therefore, ...

1. Background 2. The SBR technology for wastewater treatment 3. Physical description of the SBR system 3.1 FILL Phase 3.2 REACT Phase 3.3 SETTLE Phase 3.4 DRAW or DECANT Phase 3.5 IDLE Phase 4. Components and configuration of SBR system 5. Control of biological reactions through operating strategies 6. Design of SBR reactor 7. Costs of SBR 8. Case studies 8.1 Quakers Hill STP 8.2 SBR for Nutrie...

Intragastric immunization with recombinant chimeric immunogen, SBR-CTA2/B, constructed from the saliva-binding region (SBR) of Streptococcus mutans antigen AgI/II and the A2/B subunits of cholera toxin (CT) induces salivary and circulating antibodies against S. mutans that protect against dental caries. We previously found that SBR-CTA2/B activated dendritic cells (DC) in the Peyer's patches (P...

The treatment and disposal of excess sludge has been a rising challenge for wastewater treatment plants worldwide. In this study, simultaneous sludge reduction and nutrient removal was evaluated in laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Two SBRs were operated alongside for a duration of 370d. One SBR was operated to achieve nutrient removal (control-SBR) at 10d solids retention time...

We propose a sympathetic baroreflex (sBR) sequence method for characterizing sBR from spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP). The method exploits a previously defined MSNA variability quantifying the fluctuations of MSNA burst rate. The method is based on the detection of MSNA and DAP sequences characterized by the...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week training program of simulated barefoot running (SBR) on running kinetics in habitually shod (wearing shoes) female recreational runners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve female runners age 25.7 ± 3.4 years gradually increased running distance in Vibram FiveFingers minimal shoes over a 6-week period. The kinetic analysis of tre...

TOP ABSTRACT METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES Background: Two devices are available for making transcutaneous estimates of serum bilirubin (SBR): the Minolta AirShields JM102 and the new SpectRx BiliCheck. Objectives: (a) To measure how well the readings produced by these devices agree with SBR measured in the laboratory; (b) to estimate for each device, the proportion of infants with clin...

BACKGROUND Two devices are available for making transcutaneous estimates of serum bilirubin (SBR): the Minolta AirShields JM102 and the new SpectRx BiliCheck. OBJECTIVES (a) To measure how well the readings produced by these devices agree with SBR measured in the laboratory; (b) to estimate for each device, the proportion of infants with clinical jaundice who would require blood sampling if t...

This article describes the application of on-line nonlinear monitoring of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batchwisely, and then a nonlinear multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of normal batches. The approach is successfully applied to an 80L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, where the SBR poses an inte...