rg(p, b) = ! ( row(p) =1 && sbf(p) =0) rp(p, b) = if ( ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (0<=row(p) <=sbf(p) -2) ) or ( ( sbf(p) =1) and (row(p) =0) ) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) else if ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (row(p) =sbf(p) -1) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) rb(p, ...

Aims. This work aims to provide a theoretical formulation of Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) in the framework of probabilistic synthesis models, in which there are no deterministic relations between the different stellar components of a population but only relations on average, and to distinguish between the different distributions involved in the SBF definition. Methods. By applying the ...

Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) can provide useful information about the unresolved stellar content of early-type galaxies and spiral bulges. The absolute SBF magnitude M in a given passband depends on the properties of the stellar population and can be predicted by population synthesis models. SBF measurements in different bandpasses are sensitive to different evolutionary stages within ...

Teleological modeling is fundamental to understanding and explaining many complex systems, especially engineered systems. Research on engineering design and problem solving has developed several ontologies for expressing teleology, e.g., FR, FBS, and SBF. In this paper, we view SBF as a programming language. SBF models of engineering systems have been used in several computer programs for autom...

We present some results of an observational and theoretical study on unresolved stellar systems based on the Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) technique. It is shown that SBF magnitudes are a valuable tracer of stellar population properties, and a reliable distance indicator. SBF magnitudes, SBF-colors, and SBF-gradients can help to constrain within relatively narrow limits the metallicity ...

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by hypofunction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. The salivary function is largely dependent upon the blood supply in the glands. However, the diseased states of the gland perfusion are not well understood. The arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique allows noninvasive quantitative assessment of tissue perfusion without the need for contrast agent. Her...

Two new inclusion compounds of 9,9'-spirobifluorene (SBF) incorporating benzene [(I), C25H16.C6H6] and biphenyl [(II), C25H16.C12H10], and a new polymorph of SBF [(III), C25H16] are reported. All three exhibit C-H...pi(arene) hydrogen bonds between adjacent SBF molecules. Compound (II) also contains biphenyl C-H to SBF pi-arene interactions. Collectively, hydrogen bonding gives rise to a chain ...

BACKGROUND Recently, researchers have demonstrated that Whole Body Vibration (WBV) results in significant increases in skin blood flow (SBF). No study has determined if a specific frequency or a specific duration is better at optimizing SBF. MATERIAL/METHODS Two studies were conducted to determine, 1) if there is a difference in SBF due to passive vibration of the forearm at 30 Hz vs. 50 Hz, ...

The potential use as a bone substitute material of a three-dimensional bioactive glass fiber scaffold composed of Na(2)O-K(2)O-MgO-CaO-B(2)O(3)-P(2)O(5)-SiO(2) (BG1) was investigated in this work. Scaffolds were pre-treated with simulated body fluid (SBF) to promote the formation of two different bone-like apatite layers on their surfaces. The topography and roughness of the deposited layers we...

The driving force and nucleation rate of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) precipitation in simulated body fluid (SBF) were analyzed based on the classical crystallization theory. SBF supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) was carefully calculated, considering all the association/dissociation reactions of related ion groups in SBF....