the findings revealed that about 31 percent of women were below and 69% were above the food poverty line. comparison of averages of some variables including education status, employment (head of household), income, banking facilities such as credit and loans, property and assets, savings, economic skills, economic participation, government supports, husband's attitude, self-confidence, self-est...

differing consumption patterns among individuals along with relative commodity price changes has made inflation effects differ from one person to another. on the other hand, inflation continues to be a general phenomenon in iranian economy. the impacts of price changes on rural poverty have been hereby investigated. for this, market price fluctuations in rural areas of fars province during the ...

background india’s health sector witnessed some major policy changes in 1990s that aimed at making health services more accessible to the population.   methods in this paper, i tried to present some preliminary results of the significant changes that occurred between 1995/6 and 2004, especially in relation to the question of access to healthcare for the poor and rural population using data from...

This paper examines the relationship between growth and poverty in Iran during the first five-year plan. In other words, effort has been made to show whether economic growth in Iran helped poor people or not. For this purpose the concept of pro poor growth has been analyzed with application to the economy of Iran, both in urban and rural areas and in the country as a whole. We use an indicator ...

OPPORTUNITIES The economic environment of the rural poor comprises several interlocking markets: for agricultural produce and for agri-inputs; for production support (agricultural extension) or financial services; for information; for assets, including land and water; for labour; and for food and other consumer goods. The terms upon which the rural poor enter and participate in such markets are...

BACKGROUND Successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment is essential to effective TB control. TB-HIV coinfection, social determinants and access to services influenced by rural residence can affect treatment outcome. We examined the separate and joint effects of rural residence and HIV infection on poor treatment outcome among patients enrolled in a large TB treatment centre in Kano, Nigeria. METHO...

This paper documents changing patterns of concentrated poverty in nonmetro areas. Data from the 1970 through 2000 U.S. Census Summary Files reveal the changing shares of poor people and children living in rural counties with disproportionately poor populations. Nonmetro poverty rates – both overall and for children – declined more rapidly than metro rates in the 1990s. The 1990s also brought la...

Innovation spurs economic growth and development. Pro-poor innovation in rural areas is more likely to occur through small-scale ventures and entrepreneurs than industrial research and development. Whilst previous rural development policies have focussed on small-holder agriculture, the fact is that most rural poor are landless poor and therefore unlikely to benefit greatly from agriculture-bas...

This paper examines how economic growth in Egypt can be made more inclusive through a focus on rural development and reducing regional disparities. Nearly all of the extremely poor in Egypt live in rural areas and 83 percent of them live in Upper Egypt. The youth in those rural areas feel particularly excluded. The paper proposes a three-pronged strategy for dealing with regional inequalities a...