Two groups of 26 lambs were transported for 15 hours either on smooth highways or on rougher secondary roads. Nine of the animals in each group were monitored for heart rate and the plasma levels of cortisol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, before the journey began, after four, eight and 12 hours and at slaughter. The pH of the meat was measured 45 minutes and 24 hours postmortem and...

This study deals with the suitability of substrates for tactile maps and diagrams for visually impaired people. Visually impaired and sighted participants scanned symbol arrays by touch on 7 different substrates, including papers, plastics and aluminium. In general, papers were rougher than plastics and aluminium. Search time and participants’ preferences were recorded. In general, rougher subs...

As a pre-treatment method of refractory gold ore, carbonaceous matter (C-matter) flotation was investigated with multi-stage by rougher, scavenger, and cleaner stages. Different dosages kerosene MIBC (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) were applied the optimum dosage selected testing in each stage. With combination stage, four circuit designs suggested, which single-stage rougher (R), rougher-scavenger (R+S)...

The control of rougher flotation circuits represents a challenging control problem due to the non linearities, multiple inputs-multiple outputs and the wide variety of disturbances acting on the system. Many concentrators rely on regulatory control loops to maintain a stable operation and on the plant operators to find the best operational results. As a mean of using the operator’s knowledge in...

Kinetic models are the most important tools for the prediction and evaluation of the flotation circuits performance. In order to determine the kinetic order and rate of flotation of a Gilsonite sample, flotation experiments were conducted using the combination of Gasoline-Pine Oil, and one test without any collector and frother. The pulp density was 10% and the experiments were carried out in b...

The homoepitaxial growth of initially flat surfaces has so far always led to surfaces which become rougher and rougher as the number of layers increases: even in systems exhibiting ‘‘layer-by-layer’’ growth the registry of the layers is gradually lost. We propose that pulsed glancing-angle sputtering, once per monolayer, can in principle lead to layer-by-layer growth that continues indefinitely...