the objective of the current study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr)-based technique to differentiate viable and dead salmonella cells in raw and sterilized milk. the microorganism was initially inoculated into the milk samples followed by incubating at 37°c for 4 h prior to inactivation by heat at 80°c for 10 min. the treated and non-treated samples we...

objective: common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is one of the most frequent cases of primary immunodeficiency. it is likely that this heterogeneous disease is caused by several distinct genetic disorders. the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) enzyme is involved in class switching, somatic hypermutation (shm) and processes associated with gene conversion in the germinal center. in o...

avian influenza virus (aiv) infection is a major cause of bird or human mortality and morbidity, therefore the rapid identification of the virus is of important clinical and epidemiological implication. methods: a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was optimized for the detection of influenza a virus and the h5 and h9 subtypes. the influenza type a specific primers were directed to th...

In the era of the Human Genome Project, quantitation of gene expression by tumor/host cells is of paramount importance to investigate gene patterns responsible for cancer development, progression and response/resistance to treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) technology has recently reached a level of sensitivity, accuracy and practical ease that support its use as a routine bioinstr...

ES cells. This phenomenon has been observed in our laboratory in a number of cases. Clones putatively identified as homologous recombinants by Southern analysis can be quickly checked for random insertion of extra copies of the targeting vector by PCR. Given the small difference in size between the two alleles and use of only two primers common to both WT and mutant DNA, the amplification rate ...

background and aims: influenza virus is a major pathogen involved in respiratory illnesses during winter seasons. a variety of diagnostic methods have been developed to identify influenza viruses in clinical specimen. methods: nasal and pharyngeal samples taken from patients were inoculated into madin-darby canine kidney (mock) cells and embryonated chicken eggs (eces). the culture media was as...

background and aims: the aim of this study was cloning and expression of rabies virus glycoprotein by a eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna3.1(+) in bsr cell line. this construct might be used for a potential dna vaccine. materials and methods: glycoprotein gene was synthesized and cloned into pbluescript vector and then sub cloned into eukaryotic expression vector (pcdna3.1(+)). after verifica...

Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) is a powerful tool for gene expression analysis at the RNA level, primarily due to its sensitivity, speed, ease of use, and versatility. In a typical RT-PCR procedure, a reverse transcriptase is used to generate a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of RNA molecules, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the cDNA. Since the PCR process part is usual...

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)-based technique to differentiate viable and dead Salmonella cells in raw and sterilized milk. The microorganism was initially inoculated into the milk samples followed by incubating at 37°C for 4 h prior to inactivation by heat at 80°C for 10 min. The treated and non-treated samples we...