BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the differential sensitivity of human colon carcinoma cells to retinoid mediated growth inhibition are poorly understood. AIM To identify the intracellular mechanisms responsible for resistance against retinoid mediated growth inhibition in human colon carcinoma cells. METHODS Anchorage independent growth of the human colon carcinoma cell lines...

Background—The molecular mechanisms underlying the diVerential sensitivity of human colon carcinoma cells to retinoid mediated growth inhibition are poorly understood. Aim—To identify the intracellular mechanisms responsible for resistance against retinoid mediated growth inhibition in human colon carcinoma cells. Methods—Anchorage independent growth of the human colon carcinoma cell lines HT29...

Retinoids can be used to treat and prevent the formation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) squamous carcinomas (SCCs; notably cutaneous oral SCC). Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME), a gamete-specific repressor retinoid-induced differentiation, is ectopically expressed BCC SCC tumors. However, effects PRAME on development these cancers their sensitivity retinoid therapies are unkn...

Retinoid signalling has been manipulated at different developmental stages to identify a critical period in the gastrula embryo for retinoid-dependent primary neurone formation. The expression of retinoid receptor RARalpha2 in the posterior neuroectoderm of the gastrula embryo is therefore consistent with a role in primary neurogenesis. In addition we show that the expression of neurogenin-1 an...

The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models. Retinoid metabolism in embryonic tissues and teratogenic consequences of retinoid administration at high doses are presented. Physiological and pharmacological actions of retinoids are outlined and explained on t...

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is the parent compound of a family of natural and synthetic compounds, the retinoids. Retinoids regulate gene transcription in numerous cells and tissues by binding to nuclear retinoid receptor proteins, which act as transcription factors. Much of the research conducted on retinoid signalling in the nervous system has focussed on developmental effects in the embryo...

Retinoids reduce renal damage in rat experimental glomerulonephritis. It is unknown, however, how local and systemic retinoid pathways respond to renal injury. We used a rat model of artificially induced acute anti-Thy1.1-nephritis (THY-GN). We examined the extrarenal and glomerular expression of the retinol (RoDH) and retinal (RalDH) dehydrogenases 1 and 2 as well as the expression of the reti...

In Xenopus, the primary neurons form in three domains either side of the midline in the posterior neurectoderm. At the late neurula stage there are approximately 120 primary sensory neurons on each side of the embryo. Co-injecting synthetic mRNA encoding retinoic acid receptor alpha (NR1B1) and retinoid X receptor beta (NR2B2) results in an increase in the number of primary neurons and this is ...