Decreased susceptibility to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHDN) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with the qacA, qacB, and smr genes, encoding efflux pumps. A total of 334 MRSA isolates were collected from two Canadian intensive care units between 2005 and 2009. We identified the qacAB genes in 7 strains (2%; 2 qacA genes and 5 qacB genes) and the smr gene in 23 (7%...

conclusions it seems that besides the variety and prevalence of blatem and blactx, enormous mechanisms such as porin and leaking systems (efflux pumps) are responsible for the information of the a. baumannii resistance to disinfectants. the study on an accurate consideration of the resistance in strains and other microorganisms is advised. results in the current study, 131 a. baumannii isolates...

blast (magnaporthe grisea) is the most important disease of rice in mazandaran province, north of iran, which causes severe damages annually on susceptible cultivars. tarom mahalli is a local aromatic cultivar with high cooking quality and marketability, but very susceptible to blast. to protect this cultivar and similar susceptible cultivars against rice blast, farmers have to use high amounts...

this study aims at molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and the detection of their antibiotic resistance genes. a total of 46 salmonella-suspected samples isolated from backyard chickens of northern iran were collected. serotyping was done by the traditional method and then confirmed by pcr. antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 13 antim...

the stripe (yellow) rust in wheat is one of the most important plant diseases in iran. since 1993 several epidemics have occurred in iran causing the breakdown of widely util-ized sources of resistance in wheat cultivars. twenty-seven pathotypes were identified during 2003 and 2004 in greenhouse tests. pathotypes 6e6a+, 6e22a+, 6e130a+, 6e134a+, 6e142a+, 6e158a+, 134e130a+ and 134e142a+ were mo...

conclusions periodic evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility for c. perfringens should be performed. harboring of enterotoxigenic c. perfringens in individuals not necessarily results in diarrhea. results of 136 stool samples including diarrhea [48] and non-diarrhea [88] ones, 83 (61.02%) c. perfringens were cultured. of these 83, 79 c. perfringens isolates showed the alpha-toxin (phospholip...

background :    klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most common and significant agents of community and hospital-acquired infections. plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) was increasingly identified in enterobacteriaceae family worldwide. plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) was first reported in 1998 from a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in the usa. till date, five qnr proteins h...

salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. the aims of this study were to detect spva, int2 and invc virulence genes of different salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. using a pcr assay, a total of ...

background: avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec), which is the causative agent of colibacillosis, harbors several putative virulence genes. an important trait of apec for both poultry and public health is antibiotic resistance. objectives: in the present study, some potential virulence genes of apecs isolated from northeast of iran and their resistance to the quinolones antibiotics were stu...

background: acinetobacter spp. is characterized as an important nosocomial pathogen and increasing antimicrobial resis­tance. our aim was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and aminoglycosides resistance genes of acinetobacter spp. iso­lated from hospitalized patients. methods: sixty isolates were identified as acinetobacter species. the isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance by d...