a numerical model for simulating residence time distribution (rtd) of turbulent flows in helical static mixers is proposed and developed to improve the understanding of static mixers. the results of this model is presented in terms of different volumetric flow rate to illustrate the complicated flow patterns that drive the mixing process in helical static mixers. the computed results are also u...

a study was performed in hybrid up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (huasb) and anaerobic filter (af) reactors to compare the start-up time and optimum hrt required for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under similar loading conditions. initially, the reactors were started at an olr of 0.77 kg cod/m3.d and hrt of 36 h. loading rates were increased by reducing hrt 24, 16, 12, 10 an...

In the core of Chemical Engineering is the reactor design that includes most of all scientific disciplines. The reactor, in general, are treated ideally: mixed and plug-flow patterns. Unfortunately, it is observed in the real world a very different behavior from that expected. Thus, to characterize nonideal reactors is used, among others, residence time distribution function E(t), mean residenc...

A mean residence time (MRT) is an important pharmacokinetic parameter. To the author's knowledge, however, a physiologically based structure of MRT (thereafter MRT structure) has not been published so far. Primarily this is because MRT structures cannot be identified by traditional pharmacokinetic methods used for the determination of MRT. Therefore, tools from the theory of linear dynamic syst...

Intercomparisons of hillslopes and catchments in different hydrogeomorphic settings are rare. Those comparison studies that have been completed have focused largely on bulk outflow and chemistry. Here, we present a new functional intercomparison of two well studied hillslopes: one in New Zealand at Maimai and one in Japan at Fudoji. Slope angle, slope length, soil depth, climate and vegetation ...