This study investigated the effects of different learning levels, including Remember an Instance (RI), Remember a Generality (RG), and Use a Generality (UG) in multiple-choice and essay tests on immediate and delayed retention. Three-hundred pre-intermediate students participated in the study. Reading passages with multiple-choice and essay questions in different levels of learning were giv...

The Descriptive Component Display Theory describes explicitly the components of the instructional process; it dissects, identifies and summarizes learner performances; it likewise, dissects and synthesizes the subject matter content and matches content classification with learner performances. Possible presentation forms are also classified as are the modes with which these presentations can be...

Most information retrieval systems, including Web search engines, use similarity ranking algorithms based on a vector space model to find relevant information in response to a user’s request. However, the retrieved information is frequently irrelevant, because most of the current information systems employ index terms or other techniques that are variants of term frequency. In this paper, we pr...

What explains the truth of a universal generalization? Two types explanation can be distinguished. While an ‘instance-based explanation’ proceeds via some or all instances generalization, ‘generic is independent instances, relying instead on completely general facts about properties operations involved in generalization. This intuitive distinction analyzed by means truthmaker semantics, which a...

People who attach personal importance to an attitude are especially knowledgeable about the attitude object. This article tests an explanation for this relation: that importance causes the accumulation of knowledge by inspiring selective exposure to and selective elaboration of relevant information. Nine studies showed that (a) after watching televised debates between presidential candidates, v...

one of the important discussions in the science of principles of jurisprudence is generalization and restriction. implication of generality from proper nouns and sentences is through premises of wisdom. there are different viewpoints about generic nouns in terms of conventionality of their reference to generality or their being based . on premises of wisdom, like proper nouns and sentences. pre...

Camel milk requires more calf rennet than cow milk to coagulate and the relative amount of rennet needed varies widely (2, 8, 14, 16). Extracts of adult camel abomasa have been used to coagulate cow milk with success (5, 6, 7). However, these enzymes have not been tried on camel milk. Rennet extracts from lamb and cow calves were found to be more effective with the milk of the respective specie...