Human flavivirus group-reactive, dengue complex-reactive, and encephalitis virus complex-reactive antibodies were detected using epitope-blocking immunoassays in which the binding of selected mouse monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens was blocked by human serum. When late (greater than 6 months after illness) convalescent sera were tested, the epitope-blocking immunoassays were superior...

Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1), a merozoite protein essential for red cell invasion, is a candidate malaria vaccine component. Immune responses to AMA1 can protect in experimental animal models and antibodies isolated from AMA1-vaccinated or malaria-exposed humans can inhibit parasite multiplication in vitro. The parasite is haploid in the vertebrate host and the genome contains a single copy...

scleroderma is a multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disease, cliaracterized by hardening of the skin. hv had 25 patients in the iranian pediatric unit of rheumatology over 10 years. there was female predominance if.m = 4/1, 80% female, 20% male). the age of onest was from 6 months to 16 years, the mean age being 10 years. the symptoms and signs were: nonpitting edema in 16%, liard skin in...

antibodies directed against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) are believed to be the main cause of destruction of pancreatic islet cells in type i (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. the enzyme was found both in the brain and pancreatic beta cells. although similarities in identity of gad in human and rat brain have been demonstrated, little is known about the interaction between ...

Twelve monoclonal antibodies against Negishi virus were obtained and characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) tests using five flaviviruses isolated in the pan-Pacific region. The reaction pattern of the antibodies showed that Negishi virus was most closely related to Langat virus, followed by 3-Arch, JE and Apoi viruses in that order. Hemagglutinating (HA) anti...

Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against camel immunoglobulins were generated and their specificity was shown by double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and Western blotting. Anti camel antibodies specifically react to camel antibodies in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis were demonstrated. Western blotting revealed that IgY antibodies recognize the heavy chain in a number of ma...

Anti-idiotypic antisera against six restricted rabbit streptococcal group specific antibodies have been raised in rabbits matched for allotypes. All these antisera reacted specifically with their homologous idiotypes on double-diffusion tests in agarose gel. In addition, they showed a high incidence of cross-specificities with group-specific hyperimmune sera induced in both closely related and ...

Although potential arthropod vectors are abundant in Cameroon, acute febrile illnesses are rarely evaluated for arboviral or rickettsial infections. Serum samples from 234 acutely febrile patients at clinics in Tiko and Buea, Cameroon, were examined for antibodies to Rickettsia africae and African alphaviruses and flaviviruses. These serum samples did not contain antibodies against typhoid, and...

We determined the antigenic specificity and protective immunogenicity of two chemically synthesized peptides of type 5 streptococcal M protein. The synthetic peptides, designated S-M5(1-20) and S-M5(20-40), represent the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the native pepsin-extracted M5 molecule, which is known to contain at least one heart cross-reactive epitope. Initial studies showed that ...