Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, ...

glanders, caused by infection with the bacterium burkholderia mallei is a highly contagious and often fatal zoonotic disease of solipeds. it is an old disease, described as early as 400 bc by hippocrates and 330 bc by aristotlein the past, b. mallei was an important equine pathogen worldwide. its spread was facilitated by the use and transport of horses, especially when animals were housed unde...

Despite its current popularity, “emergence” is a concept with a venerable history and an elusive, ambiguous standing in contemporary evolutionary theory. This chapter briefly recounts the history of the term and details some of its current usages. Not only are there radically varying interpretations about how to define emergence but “reductionist” and “holistic” theorists hold very different vi...