That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established. Nevertheless, research on the Fetal Origins Hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to include the early childhood (postnatal) environment. Why does this literature have a “second act?” We summarize the major themes and contributions driving the empirical literature since our 2011 reviews, and try to interpret the ...

Soumitra Ghosh, 1'6 Zarir E. Karanjawala, 1 Elizabeth R. Hauser, 2 Delphine Ally, ~ Julie I. Knapp, ~ Joseph B. Rayman, ~ Anjene Musick, ~ Joyce Tannenbaum, 1 Catherine Te, 1 Shane Shapiro, 1 William Eldridge, Tiffany Musick, 1 Colin Martin, ~ Jeffrey R. Smith, ~ John D. Carpten, 1 Michael J. Brownstein, 4 John I. Powell, 3 Raymond Whiten, 1 Peter Chines, ~ Stella J. Nylund, s Victoria L. Magnu...

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Drs Bekaert and Rayman regarding our recently published article (1) on the association between plasma selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Bekaert and Rayman point out that the mean plasma selenium concentration of EPIC participants is lower than th...

The most important meteorological parameter affecting the human energy balance during sunny weather conditions is the mean radiant temperature T(mrt). It considers the uniform temperature of a surrounding surface giving off blackbody radiation, which results in the same energy gain of a human body given the prevailing radiation fluxes. This energy gain usually varies considerably in open space ...

Several complex thermal indices (e.g. Predicted Mean Vote and Physiological Equivalent Temperature) were developed in the last decades to describe and quantify the thermal environment of humans and the energy fluxes between body and environment. Compared to open spaces/landscapes the complex surface structure of urban areas creates an environment with special microclimatic characteristics, whic...

Numerous and extensive investigations have been conducted on the influence of ionizing radiations on pure cultures of microorganisms. Various aspects of such research have been subject of a rather comprehensive review by Rayman and Byrne (1957). In contrast to pure culture studies, the present report deals with the influence of gamma radiation on several of the microbial groups present in the h...

Understanding of the urban climate of a city is important for future planning and human wellbeing. The well known Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) indices were calculated with RayMan model using meteorological data (2001-2011) in order to study the human thermal bioclimate of Dar es Salaam. Results indicate that afternoons from late Sep...