few, if any, studies have investigated the effect of professional experience as a rater variable and type of assessment as a task variable on raters’ criteria in the assessment of speech acts. this study aimed to explore the impact of nonnative teachers’ professional experience on the use of criteria in monologic and dialogic assessment of 12 role-plays of 3 apology speech acts. to this end, 60...

nanoparticles classified in 4 overall groups containing: metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles. these nanoparticles are used in some biomedical applications such as carrying medicine and photographing agents. with attention to different criteria which are both qualitative and quantitative, selecting the most suitable nanoparticles...

One of the most widespread multi-criteria decision-making methods is Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP successfully combines pairwise comparisons method and hierarchical approach. It allows decision-maker to set priorities for all ranked alternatives. But what if, some them, their ranking value known (e.g., it can be determined differently)? The Heuristic Rating Estimation (HRE) proposed in...

pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. the importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that american...

Background. Lumbopelvic stability (LPS) is regarded as important for injury prevention, yet there are few reliable or valid tests that can be used in the clinical assessment of LPS. Three dynamic functional tests were identified that assess LPS in multiple planes of motion: dip test (DT), single leg squat (SLS), and runner pose test (RPT). Existing rating criteria for SLS have limited reliabili...