< p>Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) is very important in evaluating the reliability of highly reliable products. According to ALT procedure, products undergo higher stress levels than normal conditions to reduce the failure times. ALTs have been studied for various conditions and stresses. In addition to common stress such as temperature and humidity, random usage can also be considered as anoth...

The similarity of two nucleotide sequences is often expressed in terms of evolutionary distance, a measure of the amount of change needed to transform one sequence into the other. Given two sequences with a small distance between them, can their similarity be explained by their base composition alone? The nucleotide order of these sequences contributes to their similarity if the distance is muc...

background: most of the amino acids are encoded by more than one codon, termed as synonymous codons. synonymous codon usage is not random as it is unique to species. in each amino acid family, some synonymous codons are preferred and this is referred to as synonymous codon usage bias (scub). trends associated with evolution of scub and factors influencing its diversification in plastomes of gen...

Random spanning trees of a graph G are governed by corresponding probability mass distribution (or “law”), μ, defined on the set all G. This paper addresses problem choosing μ in order to utilize edges as “fairly” possible. turns out be equivalent minimizing, with respect expected overlap two independent random sampled law μ. In process, we introduce notion homogeneous graphs. These graphs for ...