a new correlation function for the calculation of viscosity for five typical supercritical gases is presented using the rainwater-friend and modified enskog theory. it is shown that by using accurate value for the thermal pressure and co-volume in the modified enskog theory, this correlation function is suitable for calculation of the viscosity of supercritical gases, without any density and te...

A new correlation function for the calculation of viscosity for five typical supercritical gases is presented using the rainwater-Friend and modified Enskog theory. It is shown that by using accurate value for the thermal pressure and co-volume in the modified Enskog theory, this correlation function is suitable for calculation of the viscosity of supercritical gases, without any density an...

A new reference-quality correlation for the viscosity of methanol is presented that is valid over the entire fluid region, including vapor, liquid, and metastable phases. To describe the zero-density viscosity with kinetic theory for polar gases, a new expression for the collision integral of the Stockmayer potential is introduced. The initial density dependence is based on the Rainwater–Friend...

Recently, rainwater management is considered as an essential means for recovering natural hydrological cycles in urban area. However, a lack of technical knowledge on the design of rainwater management system has been identified as a major hurdle preventing widespread application of rainwater management. This study focused on the application of design methods for rainwater management system. A ...

Since groundwater is diminishing rapidly in rural Beijing, rainwater harvesting for irrigation is being promoted. As the cost of pumping up groundwater is low, farmers have few incentives to use rainwater. To promote the consumption of rainwater, the Beijing Water Authority may in the future raise the cost of using groundwater by introducing a charge. Higher cost of groundwater will increase th...

The harvesting of rainwater is gaining acceptance among many governmental authorities in countries such as Australia, Germany, and South Africa, among others. However, conflicting reports on the microbial quality of harvested rainwater have been published. To monitor the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria during high-rainfall periods, rainwater from 29 rainwater tanks was sampled on four...

Introduction Rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly popular as the availability of good quality water decreases. Rainwater harvesting is acknowledged as a sustainable source of water that has less impact on the environment. In 2004, 17% of households in Australia had rainwater as a source of water. In rural Western Australia 62% of the households owned rainwater tanks and 53% had rainwat...

Background: The thermal conductivity of fluids can be calculated by several computational methods. However, these methods are reliable only at the confined levels of density, and there is no specific computational method for calculating thermal conductivity in the wide ranges of density. Methods: In this paper, two methods, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach and a computational method ...

Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater as well as the sizing of rainwater tanks in houses in some cities in the world. Daily rainfall data for thirteen cities located in different countries were used. Different catchment areas, number of residents, potable and rainwater demands were considered in order to assess their impact...

The global freshwater and energy crisis have prompted worldwide investments in rainwater harvesting and solar energy systems. As the implementation of these two systems develops concurrently, they can easily become integrated into one rooftop structure. Photovoltaic systems have the potential to leach heavy metals and other toxins from newly installed, broken or aged modules. Since the type of ...