The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model version 2 (AM2). Instantaneous satellite rain-rate observations averaged over the 2.5° latitude 2° longitude model grid are shown to be representative of the half-hour rain ra...

Rain is a complex phenomenon and its simulation is usually very costly. In this article, the authors propose a fully-GPU rain simulation based on the utilization of particle systems. The flexibility of CUDA allows the authors to include, aside from the rainfall simulation, a system for the detection and handling of the collisions of particles against the scenario. This detection system allows f...

abstract in order to study the effect of super absorbent on runoff volume in slopes and various intensity of rainfall research was accomplish according to split – factorial blocks method with main treatment and two accessory treatments in three replicate . the main treatment consist of three dominant slopes (10 , 20 , 30 percent ) and accessory treatments consist of five levels of substance sup...

Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors measure simultaneously the light intensity and the scene distance on a pixel basis. Environmental effects, like rain droplets between the scene and the ToF camera, have an impact on the distance accuracy of the sensor. Optical raytracing simulations were performed to study rain influence in detail. The 3D simulation setup comprises all relevant elements inclu...

Soil erosion is a global challenge, seriously threatening soil and water resources andenvironmental qualities. One of the important factors to consider in the process of runoffgeneration and soil erosion is the physical and chemical properties of soils under differentland-uses. The aim of this study is to estimate soil erosion and runoff in rangeland, rain-fedand abandoned rain-fed agriculture ...

It is desired to simulate natural rain in a wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft. Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is used to photograph the droplets in the moving airstream. Digital image processing techniques are applied to these photographs for calculation of rain statist...

The design and performance of a rain fade simulation! counteraction system on a laboratory simulated 30/20 GHz, time division multiple access (IDMA) satellite communications testbed is evaluated. Severe rain attenuation of electromagnetic radiation at 30/20 GHz occurs due to the carrier wavelength approaching the water droplet size. Rain in the downlink path lowers the signal power present at t...

Abstract. We are interested in simulating overland flow on agricultural fields during rainfall events. In this context, we definitely have to cope with dry/wet interfaces and water inflow on dry soil. The model considered is the Shallow Water system (or Saint-Venant equations) without infiltration. Moreover, the model has to be completed with friction terms. It is numerically solved by a finite...

The study of this paper focuses on the power angle spectrum (PAS) of the satellite communication downlink in rain environment at millimeter-wave bands. The two-dimension angle distribution expression of the incoherent intensity of the ground receiving antenna in rain is deduced in detail. The coherent intensity is discussed according to the first-order multiple scattering approximation theory. ...