introduction radiotherapy planning systems require many percentage depth dose (pdd) and profile measurements and there are various dosimeters that can be used to obtain these scans. as dose perturbation is particularly troublesome in smaller photon fields, using a low-perturbation, unshielded electron field diode (efd) in these fields is of interest. the aim of this work was to investigate the ...

Particles are used in medical application for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy aims to deliver a high dose in a well-defined target volume while sparing the healthy surrounding tissues. Compared to the conventional radiotherapy (X-ray), protons show superior clinical performances thanks to their inherent depth dose characteristic (Bragg peak). In proton therapy, several techniques can be used to ...

radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments of cancer that are used alone or with the combination of other treatments. radiotherapy are used before surgery for tumor shrinking, pain relief, wound healing or prevention of continues bleedings. in this paper, types of radiotherapy and safety principles for nurses are considered. there are three basic methods for radiotherapy: teletherapy, br...

For radiotherapy with external beams, quality assurance (QA) of beam delivery is mandatory. Dynamical irradiation which changes parameters of beam delivery devices during the irradiation has to be assessed with a great caution. At GSI a dynamic beam delivery system, so called beam tracking system [1] was developed and integrated into the GSI therapy system [2] to irradiate moving tumours with i...

Hadron radiotherapy is a cutting-edge cancer treatment method. Proton and carbon ion beams are frequently used in modern therapeutic centers. The Bragg peak at the end of the particle range delivers a higher radiation dose to tumors situated close to critical organs. However, the accuracy of the dose deposition in the tumor volume depends on the irradiation method. The present paper presents a ...

background: field matching problems in abutting electron fields can be managed by using spoilers. objective: the aim of this study was to design a monte carlo framework for the assessment of spoiler application in abutting electron fields. methods: a siemens primus treatment head was simulated for a 5 mev electron beam using beamnrc and dosxyznrc, egsnrc user codes. validation of beam model was...

Lung cancer is the leading cancer cause of death in the United States. Radiotherapy is an essential component of the definitive treatment of early-stage and locally-advanced lung cancer, and the palliative treatment of metastatic lung cancer. Proton beam therapy (PBT), through its characteristic Bragg peak, has the potential to decrease the toxicity of radiotherapy, and, subsequently improve th...