Neural networks are applied to the system identification problems using adaptive algorithms for either parameter or functional estimation of dynamic systems. In this paper the neural networks' sensitivity to input values and connections' weights, is studied. The Reduction-Sigmoid-Amplification (RSA) neurons are introduced and four different models of neural network architecture are proposed and...

Background: This study compared the outcomes between patients with proximal humerus fractures (PHF) whounderwent acute reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) to those who underwent an alternative initial treatmentbefore requiring (secondary) RSA.Methods: Patients who underwent RSA after suffering a PHF were identified. Two year clinical follow-up was requiredfor inclusion. Patients were divi...

Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is usually defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20th week of gestation. Although different factors are considered as etiology of RSA but in some cases, despite of extensive work up, the cause of RSA remains unknown which called unexplained RSA. Immunological factors are suggested as etiological factors of unexplained RSA. ...

Pain hypersensitivity is the most common category of chronic pain and is difficult to cure. Oxidative stress and certain cells apoptosis, such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, play an essential role in the induction and development of pain hypersensitivity. The focus of this study is at a more specific molecular level. We investigated the role of advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs...

We report on the modulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in rats with central pattern generator (CPG) hardware made of silicon neurons. The neurons are made to compete through mutually inhibitory synapses to provide timed electrical oscillations that stimulate the peripheral end of vagus nerve at specific points of the respiratory cycle: the inspiratory phase (φ(1)), the early expiratory pha...

background: survival of the semi-allograft fetus during pregnancy opens a new area for the immunological based causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion (rsa). cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla4) is a negative regulator of the t-cell activation, which may modulate peripheral self-tolerance of the allogeneic fetus. the present study aimed to investigate the +49 a/g ctla4 genetic p...

Rhizome-rooted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an excellent forage for establishing grazing and ecological grasslands, requiring a high stable yield. Studying the genetic physiological basis of expression biomass traits essential improving production performance in rhizome-rooted alfalfa. We analyzed mass photosynthetic indices improved progenies (RSA−01, RSA−02, RSA−03), parental “Qingshui” (C...

The heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration. This respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) occurs by modulation of premotor cardioinhibitory parasympathetic neuron (CPN) activity. However, RSA has not been fully characterized in rats, and despite the critical role of CPNs in the generation of RSA, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this cardiorespiratory...