The paper addresses a problem of tracking multiple number of frequencies using Regularized Autoregressive (RAR) approximation. The RAR procedure allows to decrease approximation bias, comparing to other AR-based frequency detection methods, while still providing competitive variance of sample estimates. We show that the RAR estimates of multiple periodicities are consistent in probabilit...

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells contain one of five chimeric retinoic acid alpha-receptor (RAR alpha) genes (X-RAR alpha) created by chromosomal translocations or deletion; each generates a fusion protein thought to transcriptionally repress RAR alpha target genes and block myeloid differentiation by an incompletely understood mechanism. To gain spatiotemporal insight into these oncoge...

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has significantly improved the treatment results in acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). In non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the effects are less clear, and there is a pronounced heterogeneity in the sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory effects of retinoids in leukemic cells from different non-M3 AML patients. Retinoids exert their effects through a number of nu...

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR ) gene rearrangement by reciprocal chromosome translocation is the molecular signature of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Disruption of RAR function appears to be the likely cause of aberrant myelopoiesis observed in APL, because PML-RAR expression has been shown to deregulate the transcription of genes that control myelopoiesis. To target RAR chimeric proteins, ...

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by specific chromosomal translocations, which generate fusion proteins such as promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF)-RAR (X-RAR ). In this study, we have applied lac operator array systems to study the effects of X-RAR versus wild-type RAR on large-scale chromatin structure. The...

Retinoic acid (RA) receptor (RAR) beta2 has been shown to be underexpressed in human breast cancer cells, including MCF-7 cells, and recent reports have suggested that hypermethylation of the RAR beta2 promoter and 5'-UTR is the underlying cause. Here we show that RAR alpha2 is also underexpressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, at both the message and the protein level, relative to normal or non...

Retinoic acid is known to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis in rodents and to inhibit proliferation and steroid hormone receptor gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Since these effects are likely to be mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) the present study was initiated to determine the expression and regulation of RARs in human breast cancer cell lines. Differential cellul...

Retinoic acid is essential for the normal differentiation of epithelia but its cellular function is obscure. The expression patterns of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in skin cell types may give an insight into the role of retinoic acid in skin. We have compared the patterns of RAR expression in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro, and studied the effects of retinoic acid on RAR...

Retinoid signaling via retinoic acid (RA) and retinoid X receptors (RARs and RXRs) regulates mammary epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Loss of RAR-b might represent an early event during breast carcinogenesis. Higher differentiated, estrogen-dependent, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER) mammary carcinoma cells have been found to contain relatively high levels of RAR-a and to be resp...

The bcr1- and bcr3- promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RAR alpha) are the two major fusion proteins expressed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. These proteins, which are present in different lengths of PML (amino acids 1-552 and 1-394, respectively), contain most of the functional domains of PML and RAR alpha, bind all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA), and act as t...