Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly salt-tolerant species subdivided into five ecotypes and exhibiting broad intra-specific differences in tolerance levels. In a greenhouse study, Chilean landraces belonging either to the salares (R49) or coastal lowlands (VI-1, Villarrica) ecotype with contrasting agro-ecological origins were investigated for their responses to high salinity. The ef...

Rhodostomin (Rho) is an RGD protein that specifically inhibits integrins. We found that Rho mutants with the P48A mutation 4.4-11.5 times more actively inhibited integrin α5β1. Structural analysis showed that they have a similar 3D conformation for the RGD loop. Docking analysis also showed no difference between their interactions with integrin α5β1. However, the backbone dynamics of RGD residu...

HIGHLIGHTS R49 genotype displayed best performance on selected physiological parameters and highest tolerance to drought.R49 drought over-represented transcripts has exhibited 19% of genes (306 contigs) that presented no homology to published databases.Expression pattern for canonical responses to drought such as ABA biosynthesis and other genes induced in response to drought were assessed by q...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an ancient Andean seed-producing crop well known for its exceptional nutritional properties and resistance to adverse environmental conditions, such as salinity and drought. Seed storage proteins, amino acid composition, and bioactive compounds play a crucial role in determining the nutritional value of quinoa. Seeds harvested from three Chilean landraces of...

The paper presents a proposition of simulation studies of nitrogen oxide catalytic reduction. The method enables estimating the influence of catalytic reactors on ecological properties of engines in static bench tests (e.g., ECE R49, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [UN/ECE], 2000; Standard No. ISO 8178-4:1996, International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1996; Merkisz (19...

Local inflammation is a prominent characteristic of snakebite wound, and snake-venom phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) are some of the main component that contribute to accumulation of inflammatory cells. However, the action of an R49 PLA2s, promutoxin from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus venom, on mast-cell accumulation has not been previously examined. Using a mouse peritoneal model, we found that promu...

MATline is a tool that can be used to predict which industrial processes can be expected to involve the use of a substance that is considered carcinogenic as documented in the literature. The database includes agents carrying risk phrases R45, R49 and R40 according to the method of classification adopted by the EU and/or agents in categories 1, 2A and 2B as classified by the International Agenc...

Turbocharged CNG engines produce high NOx emission due to the fuel type and high combustion temperature. In this research, the effects of lean-burn and waste gate opening pressure threshold on NOx emission are studied theoretically and experimentally at WOT condition as well as 13-mode ECE-R49 test cycle. A code is developed in MATLAB environment for predicting engine NOx and the results are va...

Abstract Water meters of different types and sizes are used to monitor bill the water supply. Although is drinking quality, its chemo-physical properties often adversely affect measuring behaviour a meter after while. There thus risk that they no longer meet legal requirements may be used. In this paper test regime with focus on pH, total hardness particle load presented which allows tested clo...