We have demonstrated that the hepatic function may have an important role in the development of tolerance to the pyrogenic effect induced by endotoxin. To further investigate if the role of the hepatic function in the development of tolerance also extends to that induced by other pyrogenic stimuli, we investigated the effect of galactosamine, a specific inhibitor of the hepatic protein synthesi...

Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins types A, B, and C and staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin were shown to be potent nonspecific T-lymphocyte mitogens. Adherent cell populations did not significantly affect the nonspecific mitogenicity.

Martin, William J. (College of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City), and Stanley Marcus. Relation of pyrogenic and emetic properties of enterobacteriaceal endotoxin and of staphylococcal enterotoxin. J. Bacteriol. 87:1019-1026. 1964.-The pyrogenic, endotoxic fraction of enterobacteriaceal organisms, isolated in a relatively impure or purified state, is both pyrogenic in rabbits and cat...

To further our understanding of the effects of biomass burning emissions on atmospheric composition, the BORTAS campaign (BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites) was conducted on 12 July to 3 August 2011 during the boreal forest fire season in Canada. The simultaneous aerial, ground and satellite measurement campaign sought to record instanc...

Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type C was partially purified by differential solubility in ethanol and acetate-buffered saline. Toxin prepared in this way consisted of protein and hyaluronic acid. After removal of hyaluronic acid, the toxin remained pyrogenic, enhanced susceptibility of rabbits to letahl endotoxin shock, was stable when treated with acid, base, or pepsin, but wa...

The mechanism of tolerance to the pyrogenic activity of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins is most often attributed to a non-specific increase in the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (1). Recently, it was shown that Group A streptococcal exotoxins produced biphasic fever responses in rabbits (2). In contrast to the non-specific tolerance induced by endotoxins, three distinct tox...

Surface functional groups constitute major electroactive components in pyrogenic carbon. However, the electrochemical properties of pyrogenic carbon matrices and the kinetic preference of functional groups or carbon matrices for electron transfer remain unknown. Here we show that environmentally relevant pyrogenic carbon with average H/C and O/C ratios of less than 0.35 and 0.09 can directly tr...

Toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) is characterized by hypotension or shock, fever, multiorgan system involvement, and a concurrent group A streptococcal infection. We analyzed 34 streptococcal strains isolated from patients with clinically well-documented TSLS for their pyrogenic toxin profiles and M-protein types. Although strains of nine different M types were represented in the sample, 74% of...

Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C (also known as scarlet fever toxins and erythrogenic toxins) were evaluated for relatedness to another streptococcus-derived lymphocyte mitogen, blastogen A. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and blastogen A were immunologically cross-reactive and shared the same molecular weight, N-terminal amino acid sequence, and capacity to stimulate ra...