A new type deflector of a charged particle beam based on pyroelectric crystals is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The transverse electric field arises in the gap between two pyroelectric crystals in vacuum because of the pyroelectric effect appearing when a temperature gradient is applied to both crystals. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrated deflection of a low-energy ...

The pyroelectric effect affords the opportunity to convert temporal temperature fluctuations into usable electrical energy in order to develop abundantly available waste heat. A strip pyroelectric cell, used to enhance temperature variation rates by lateral temperature gradients and to reduce cell capacitance to further promote the induced voltage, is described as a means of improving pyroelect...

Pyroelectric harvesters use temperature fluctuations to generate electrical outputs. Solar radiation and waste heat are rich energy sources that can be harvested. Pyroelectric energy converters offer a novel and direct energy-conversion technology by transforming time-dependent temperatures directly into electricity. Moreover, the great challenge for pyroelectric energy harvesting lies in findi...

The realization of a commercially viable, thin-film uncooled pyroelectric detector has been the focus of research for several years. As part of this effort, we show that a conventional metallic electrode system (typically Pt) can be replaced with a conductive oxide such as LaxSr(1–x)CoO3 (LSCO). In addition to being crystallographically compatible with the lead-based, pyroelectric oxides such a...

Pyroelectric harvesters convert time-dependent temperature variations into electric current. The appropriate geometry of the pyroelectric cells, coupled with the optimal period of temperature fluctuations, is key to driving the optimal load resistance, which enhances the performance of pyroelectric harvesters. The induced charge increases when the thickness of the pyroelectric cells decreases. ...

0-3 composites of lead zirconate titanate particles dispersed in a polyvinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene copolymer matrix may have a good potential for pyroelectric sensor applications. Thermal expansion mismatch together with the piezoelectric activity of the constituents produces a secondary pyroelectric effect in a composite. A model for this secondary effect in 0-3 composites has been de...

The disinfection of bacteria by thermally excited pyroelectric materials in aqueous environments provides opportunities for the development of new means of sanitization. However, little is known about the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the surface of the thermally excited pyroelectric materials. To investigate the pyroelectrically driven ROS generation we performed OH radical spe...

Pyroelectric energy conversion is a novel energy process which directly transforms waste heat energy from cyclic heating into electricity via the pyroelectric effect. Application of a periodic temperature profile to pyroelectric cells is necessary to achieve temperature variation rates for generating an electrical output. The critical consideration in the periodic temperature profile is the fre...

In this paper the principles of measuring the energy of pulse light sources (especially pulse lasers), using pyroelectric sensors, are presented. The theoretical principles of operation pyroelectric sensors are described, as well a conversion system of pyroelectric sensor signal, enabling to reduce the influence of acoustic, thermal, and electromagnetic interference, influencing the sensor.

We review the pyroelectric properties and electronic structure of Li₂B₄O₇(110) and Li₂B₄O₇(100) surfaces. There is evidence for a pyroelectric current along the [110] direction of stoichiometric Li₂B₄O₇ so that the pyroelectric coefficient is nonzero but roughly 10³ smaller than along the [001] direction of spontaneous polarization. Abrupt decreases in the pyroelectric coefficient along the [11...