A novel analytical method for determining formaldehyde (FA) in aqueous samples was developed with a miniaturized extraction capillary in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction capillary was prepared by packing silica gel particles in a stainless steel capillary of 0.8 mm i.d. and 1.6 mm o.d. A derivatization reagent of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was impregnated on ...

A practical parameter extraction method is presented for the Fourier-based-solution physics-based IGBT model. In the extraction procedure, only one simple clamped inductive load test is needed for the extraction of the eleven and thirteen parameters required for the NPT and PT IGBT models, respectively. Validation with experimental results from various structure IGBTs demonstrates the accuracy ...

At the present paper, an analytical method based on temperature controlled solid-liquid extraction (TC-SLE) utilizing a synthesized ionic liquid, (N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, [BPy]PF₆), as solid solvent and phenanthroline (PT) as an extractant was developed to determine micro levels of Fe(2+) in tea by PT spectrophotometry. TC-SLE was carried out in two continuous steps: Fe(2+) can b...

The objective of this study is determination the volatile compounds of Matricaria chamomilla of an inorganic–organic hybrid material based on ZnO nanoparticles anchored to a composite made from polythiophene and hexagonally ordered silica (ZnO/PT/SBA-15) as a solid-phase fiber microextraction (SPME). Microextraction techniques with nanoparticles ZnO/PT/SBA-15 resulted in a more efficient analyt...

A PT system consists of various physical features such as roads, railways, routes, and stops which are represented by a complex network of spatial and temporal data. Since these networks are usually very large and include millions of entities, it is difficult to assess PT systems. Assessment in this context is defined as the ability to extract and analyze data in an automated and recurring proc...

In the present work, four species of microalgae: Spirulina platensis (SP), Chlorella vulgaris (CV), Haematococcus pluvialis (HP), and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) were selected as raw materials for the recovery of multifunctional extracts. Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) using different solvents was applied under specific optimized conditions. Organic solvents such as hexane, ...

Amplification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PT) sequences from plasma is difficult when HIV RNA levels are low, and it usually cannot be accomplished in samples with <1,000 HIV RNA copies/ml. Because the RNA extraction step is critical for the success of subsequent amplifications and sequence analyses, two RNA extraction methods were compa...

Among the various methods of extracting energy harvested by a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, full-bridge rectifiers (FBR) are widely employed due to its simplicity and stability. However, its efficiency and operational range are limited due to a threshold voltage that the open-circuit voltage generated from the piezoelectric transducer (PT) must attain prior to any energy extraction....