BACKGROUND The use of complementary and alternative medicine including herbal medicine is increasing in many countries including Ghana. However, there is paucity of research on the perspectives of patrons of herbal medicine regarding the facilitators and barriers of herbal medicine use. This study sought to investigate the facilitators and barriers of herbal medicine among Ghanaian adults who u...

BACKGROUND Medicine vendors fill the gap created by inadequate skilled professionals required for medicine procurement, storage, and distribution in developing countries. AIM To evaluate self-medication practice and medicine knowledge among medicine vendors and to determine if a relationship exists between both. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted, using...

OBJECTIVE To measure the prices and availability of selected medicines in Shaanxi Province after the implementation of new healthcare reform in 2009. METHODS Data on the prices and availability of 47 medicines were collected from 50 public and 36 private sector medicine outlets in six regions of Shaanxi Province, Western China using a standardized methodology developed by the World Health Org...

The government often contracts with private firms to deliver in-kind safety net benefits. These public-private partnerships generate agency problems that could increase costs, but cost-containment reforms may discourage firm participation. We study a 2012 reform of California's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children reduced the number small vendors. show within-...

This study aims to analyze the role of digitalization in MSMEs, namely Street Vendors (PKL) order have economic resilience that has an impact on national security. The approach taken is a quantitative method using primary data from sample 1409 street vendors 2021 DKI Jakarta PKL masterplan spread across five areas Jakarta. survey results show vendors, especially area, are still not optimally ut...

BACKGROUND The presence of a large informal healthcare sector in many low- and middle-income countries poses both challenges and opportunities for achieving a people-centered health system. However, few studies have considered how informal providers may fit into a people-centered health systems approach. We examine the self-described roles and motivations of informal medicine vendors and public...

Background Prompt and effective case detection and treatment are vital components of the malaria case management strategy as malaria-endemic countries implement the testing, treating and tracking policy. The implementation of this policy in public and formal private sectors continue to receive great attention while the informal private retail sector (mostly the patent and propriety medicine ven...