in this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain (SC). Demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed. Decentralized decision making where downstream decides on selling price and order size is investigated. Then, joint pricing and ordering decisions are extracted where both members act as a single entity ...

There is a causal relationship between high-quality cost systems and pricing decision makers because pricing decision is in dire need of modern systems that help make rational decisions. The aim of this research is to confirm that quality cost systems affect pricing decisions-making in maintaining the industrial companies. The research results can be utilized by beneficiaries taking into accoun...

Several real problems in telecommunication, transportation, and distribution industries can be well analyzed by network flow models. In revenue management, pricing plays a primary role which increases the profit generated from a limited supply of assets. Pricing decision directly affects the amount of service or product demand. Hence, in traditional maximum flow problem, we assume that the dema...

Purpose – This paper explores the applied context of grocery retail pricing practice to understand how pricing executives approach ‘regular price’ decision-making (as opposed to promotional pricing). The study seeks to inductively develop a model of regular price decision-making in grocery retailing. Methodology – The research employs an inductive methodology involving interviews with pricing e...

selection of appropriate strategies is one of the important principles to achieve profitability in the business models. one of the most important of these strategies, is use of appropriate pricing strategies in order to have the correct and satisfy product pricing process, the factors that affect pricing should be identify and control. plc as organizational factors affecting group is of the mai...

multistage stochastic programming is a key technology for making decisions over time in an uncertain environment. one of the promising areas in which this technology is implementable, is medium term planning of electricity production and trading where decision makers are typically faced with uncertain parameters (such as future demands and market prices) that can be described by stochastic proc...