To summarize evidence discussed elsewhere in this volume, past climate change can be detected on time scales of decades to hundreds of millions of years. Theories as to the causes for such changes extend back almost as far as the observations. James Croll (1867) was the first to seriously examine the role 164 CLIMATE CHANGE, CAUSES

Midterm congressional elections provide an interesting testing ground for theories of voting and elections in America. Free from the contamination of national personalities and stylized issues that epitomize presidential campaigns, midterm elections provide a cleaner issue environment for investigating the effects of systematic short-term forces on congressional elections. The seemingly inevita...

In this paper a parametric study was undertaken to quantify the sensitivity Abstract to a wide range of coastal detention pond systems dealing with tidal influence to store surface flood water so as to produce general guidance on the importance of the catchment and pond variables. In this process a specified pond design return period was selected for which the system was to be designed. The pon...

Archaeal 16S rRNA gene compositions and environmental factors of four distinct solfataric acidic hot springs in Kirishima, Japan were compared. The four ponds were selected by differences of temperature and total dissolved elemental concentration as follows: (1) Pond-A: 93°C and 1679 mg L(-1), (2) Pond-B: 66°C and 2248 mg L(-1), (3) Pond-C: 88°C and 198 mg L(-1), and (4) Pond-D: 67°C and 340 mg...

1) Minimum Water Surface Area .........................................................................................................................11 2) Pond Live Storage ...........................................................................................................................................11 3) Primary Water Quality Outlet Devices ...........................................

1. Haemoglobin production was measured for two populations of Daphnia putex, one from a temporary pond (GR Pond) and one from a permanent pond (Rash Pond). Surface water in Rash Pond remains high in oxygen, while by late summer very Uttle oxygen remains in GR Pond. Haemoglobin synthesis was induced in the laboratory by artificial oxygen deficiency. 2. Reproductive state influenced the level of ...

PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to explore the relationship between eukaryotic plankton community succession and environmental factors in two aquaculture pond models with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. The main culture species of pond 1 were gibel carp and grass carp, and the combined density was 46224 fingerling/ha...

One of the indexes of stabilization pond is the presence of coliform bacteria in water and wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of solar light on coliform variations in stabilization pond. In this experimental study, the effect of light, pH (<7, 7.1–8, 8.1–9), and temperature (10 ºC and 30 ºC) on facultative stabilization pond was studied for six months. The sampling was accompl...