the share of dc-based renewable energy resources (rers) and electricity storage systems are increasing due to developments of smart grid technologies. moreover, the share of dc-based load has rapid growth due to significant developments of power electronic technologies. therefore, a more flexible power system is required for efficient integration of emerging loads and generators. in this paper,...

This paper presents a smart DC micro-grid system for plug-in electric vehicle charging and discharging. This DC microgrid integrates the plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) & plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) together with the AC supply module, storage energy module, and intelligent control module. By connecting with the AC power source and the storage energy module, this grid can of...

This paper proposes a methodology for practical siting and sizing of Hybrid energy systems (HESs) consist of: wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) and combined heat and power (CHP) units. In this method, the interaction of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PIEVs) in the electric distribution system is considered. Electric Vehicle are seen to have some negative impacts on electric distribution system p...

Federal electric vehicle (EV) policies in the United States currently include vehicle purchase subsidies linked to EV battery capacity and subsidies for installing charging stations. We assess the costeffectiveness of increased battery capacity vs. nondomestic charging infrastructure installation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as alternate methods to reduce gasoline consumption for cars, ...

The increasing automobile vehicles and congestions in the world cause critical pollutions such as air and noise. Hence, we need comprehensive measures to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in transportation area. Many researchers have studied the impact of adopting ecofriendly vehicles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and fu...

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can be adopted in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and pure electric vehicles (HEV, PHEV, and EV), where a bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) is used to connect batteries and ultra-capacitors. The efficiency improvement of the BDC is beneficial to increase the efficiency viability of HESS. Due to ZVS, high efficiency can be obtained at heavy load operations while the...

plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (phev) technology shows great interest in the recent scientificliteratures. vehicle-to-grid (v2g) is a interconnection of energy storage of phevs and grid. byimplementation of v2g dependencies of the power system on small expensive conventional units canbe reduced, resulting in reduced operational cost. this paper represents an intelligent unitcommitment (uc) wi...

Energy management of plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) has different challenges from non-plug-in HEVs, due to bigger batteries and grid recharging. Instead of tackling it to pursue energetic efficiency, an approach minimizing the driving cost incurred by the user – the combined costs of fuel, grid energy and battery degradation – is here proposed. A real-time approximation of the resultin...

Electric vehicles (EVs) provide a tremendous opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and save money at the same time. In the United States today, EVs generally result in substantially fewer GHG emissions compared to gasoline-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. EVs are also typically cheaper to operate than ICEs. A recent Synapse analysis found that replacing ICEs wit...

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has invested considerable research and development (R&D) effort into Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) technology because of the potential fuel displacement offered by the technology. DOE’s PHEV R&D Plan [1], which is driven by the desire to reduce dependence on foreign oil by diversifying the fuel sources of automobiles, describes the various activities...