Abstract Plasmids and temperate phages are key contributors to bacterial evolution. They usually regarded as very distinct. However, some elements, termed phage–plasmids, known be both plasmids phages, e.g. P1, N15 or SSU5. The number, distribution, relatedness characteristics of these phage–plasmids poorly known. Here, we screened for elements among ca. 2500 12000 identified 780 across diverse...

Prepulse Inhibition (PPI), the objective measure of sensorimotor gating disturbance has being widely used in animal models of schizophrenia. Dopaminergic direct and indirect agonists impair PPI. However, the profile of dopaminergic receptors involved in PPI impairment by dopamine agonists is not clear. By injecting shRNA expressing plasmids against dopamine D2 receptor genes (DRD2) in the nucle...

Several heavy metal resistant bacterial strains were isolated from sediment and water samples collected from the Persian Gulf and enclosed industrial areas. All the isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolated bacteria were tested for the presence of plasmids using the modified alkaline lysate method. The method was effective for identification and characterization of...

purpose: in order to express human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hgm-csf) under heat shock. materials and methods: two expression plasmids were constructed based on pbc(sk) plasmid. the expression cassettes in the two plasmids are equipped with a 75 base pair fragment, derived from the pl promoter of the bacteriophage lambda (λ). the plasmids also contain a temperature muta...

Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health problem. When genes are being carried on plasmids, the spread can be greatly accelerated. In this paper, transmission of antibiotic in two types cells discussed. A mathematical model established to describe dynamics plasmids. The effects different parameters stable solution and sensitivity analysis studied by numerical simulation. co...

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease with high morbidity, caused mainly by Mycobaterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). DNA vaccines show a promising future due to their unique advantages over conventional methods. The early-secreted antigen target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 of M.tb. antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates against Mycobacteria and used as subunit vaccines...

several heavy metal resistant bacterial strains were isolated from sediment and water samples collected from the persian gulf and enclosed industrial areas. all the isolated bacteria were identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing. isolated bacteria were tested for the presence of plasmids using the modified alkaline lysate method. the method was effective for identification and characterization of...

SUMMARY Plasmid R124 was first described in 1972 as being a new member of incompatibility group IncFIV, yet early physical investigations of plasmid DNA showed that this type of classification was more complex than first imagined. Throughout the history of the study of this plasmid, there have been many unexpected observations. Therefore, in this review, we describe the history of our understan...