Background & Aims: The Plantaris muscle is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg and is absent in some individuals. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the absence variation of Plantaris muscle and its possible relation with Palmaris longus and fifth superficial flexor digitorum of the hand. Methods: 83 fresh cadavers, referred to legal medicine center, Kerman, Ir...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if clinical assessment, Ultrasound + Colour Doppler (US + CD) and Ultrasound Tissue Characterisation (UTC) can be useful in detecting plantaris tendon involvement in patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy. METHODS Twenty-three tendons in 18 patients (14 men, mean age: 37 years and 4 women: 44 years) (5 patients with bilatera...

OBJECTIVES When re-operating patients with midportion Achilles tendinosis, having had a poor effect of ultrasound (US) and Doppler-guided scraping, the author found the involvement of the plantaris tendon to be a likely reason for the poor result. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of a plantaris tendon in close relation to the Achilles tendon in consecutive patients with m...

The source of pain and the background to the pain mechanisms associated with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy have not yet been clarified. Intratendinous degenerative changes are most often addressed when present. However, it is questionable if degeneration of the tendon itself is the main cause of pain. Pain is often most prominent on the medial side, 2-7cm from the insertion onto the calcane...

OBJECTIVES The plantaris tendon is increasingly recognised as an important factor in midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Its innervation pattern is completely unknown. METHODS Plantaris tendons (n=56) and associated peritendinous tissue from 46 patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy and where the plantaris tendon was closely related to the Achilles tendon were evaluated. Morphological e...

OBJECTIVES The plantaris tendon has recently been described as a possible important factor in midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Ultrasound tissue characterisation (UTC) is a method to study tendon structure (matrix integrity). The effect of plantaris tendon removal on Achilles tendon structure was studied using UTC. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective case series study at one centre. PARTICIPANT...

Introduction The plantaris muscle belongs to the posterior superficial crural muscles in the anatomy of human’s body, which are subdivided into two groups as superficial and deep. It is placed between the gastrocnemius and soleus. Its origin is from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur at a position a little superior to the origin of the lateral head of gastrocnemius...

The plantaris muscle originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur in the posterior of the knee and courses distally in an inferomedial direction near the medial head of the gastrocnemius and along themedial border of the Achilles tendon. The tendon of the plantaris muscle either inserts with the Achilles tendon or can have its own independent insertion on the calcaneus (4). The m...

BACKGROUND It is becoming increasingly apparent that the plantaris can contribute to symptoms in at least a subset of patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy. However, the nature of its involvement remains unclear. PURPOSE To determine whether excised plantaris tendons from patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy display tendinopathic changes and whether the presence of such cha...

A neglected Achilles tendon rupture is often characterized by muscle weakness and an overlengthened repair by scar tissue. Reconstructive surgery is usually performed taking into account the patient's required level of function. Two surgical cases of neglected Achilles tendon rupture are presented in this article. In both instances it was expected that central fibrosis, possibly after neglected...