to estimate population density of the cabbage aphid, brevicoryne brassicae (l.), a stratified random sampling was conducted in two unsprayed canola fields in isfahan (central iran) during 2011-2012. population density was determined for apterous, and alates, as well as the total population, at two plant growth phases (pgp1: from plant emergence to the end of rosette, and pgp2: from the beginnin...

One of the major issues examined in the quantitative ecology is the spatial distribution pattern of plant species. Knowledge of the spatial distribution patterns is essential to measure the level of uniformity in the surrounding environment, plant reproduction, and distribution of the seedlings, plant behavioral patterns, coexistence, allelopathic relations, and competition. Therefore, the aim ...

this research has been done with the aim of explaining environmental and managerial factors that affects on rangeland vegetation distribution in saral rangelands of kurdistan province. after selecting plant types as working area were done sampling from plant types and determined some of plants parameters such as kind and number of plants and cover percentage. various environmental factors such ...

Natural hybridization is a relatively common feature of vascular plant species and has been demonstrated to have played an important role in their evolution. Nonetheless, it is not clear whether spontaneous hybridization occurs as a general feature of all plant families and genera or whether certain groups are especially prone to spontaneous hybridization. Therefore, we inspected five modern bi...