language is a system of verbal elements that makes communication of meaningspossible in the manners the users intend by employing certain linguistic deviceswhich are partly language-specific. once communicating cross-linguistically, thereis always a risk of negative transfer of techniques or processes from the firstlanguage (l1) to the foreign language (l2). the current study investigates the“e...

Pān. ini defines the sound classes involved in grammatical rules by pratyāhāras, i.e., a two-letter code based on the order of the sounds in the Śivasūtras. In the present paper we demonstrate that Pān. ini’s pratyāhāra method is generalizable to the description of the phonological systems of other languages by applying it to the sound classes and phonological alternations of German. Furthermor...

Muka Qiang has two phonological tones. Contrary to typological expectations of a two-tone system, both are types of high tone: non-high syllables are toneless. The first type of tone is a high word tone that aligns with the left edge of the word and spreads rightward, linking to as many as four syllables; lexical prosodic domains longer than four syllables have not been observed. The other tone...

In this squib, we start from the empirical generalization that phonological grammars are all within the computational power of finite-state devices, a position nearly universally accepted in computational phonology. We show that this rules out certain patterns of morphologically sensitive stress assignment that are predicted by the phonological cycle hypothesis. Given that morphological structu...

Children with dyslexia often exhibit increased variability in sensory and cognitive aspects of hearing relative to typically developing peers. Assistive listening devices (classroom FM systems) may reduce auditory processing variability by enhancing acoustic clarity and attention. We assessed the impact of classroom FM system use for 1 year on auditory neurophysiology and reading skills in chil...

The nature of the relationship between language, working memory and auditory-verbal memory seems to remain unclear and classical language and memory models appear to view these skills as completely separate modules. Language processing models consider the existence of devices or buffers which store linguistic information. Levelt [1] describes a short-term memory device called the articulatory b...

The present study was aimed at analysing cognitive deficits of dyslexic adults, and examining their written language skills in comparison with their peers. Our results confirm the presence of a certain profile of symptoms in adult dyslexics. We noticed deficits in: phonological (verbal) short-term memory, phonological awareness, rapid automatised naming (speed, self-corrections), visual percept...