A connected graph with a cyclomatic number k is said to be k-cyclic graph. We obtain the formula for of labelled non-planar pentacyclic graphs given vertices, and find asymptotics planar tetracyclic n vertices as → ∞. prove that under uniform probability distribution on set consideration, asymptotically equal 1089/1105, labeled 1591/1675.

The forgotten topological index of a molecular graph $G$ is defined as $F(G)=sum_{vin V(G)}d^{3}(v)$, where $d(u)$ denotes the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. The first through the sixth smallest forgotten indices among all trees, the first through the third smallest forgotten indices among all connected graph with cyclomatic number $gamma=1,2$, the first through<br /...

AIMS Pentacyclic triterpenes are a group of molecules with promising anticancer potential, although their precise molecular target remains elusive. The current work aims to investigate the antiproliferative and associated mechanisms of triterpenes in breast cancer cells in vitro. MAIN METHODS Effect of triterpenes on cell cycle distribution, ROS and key regulatory proteins were analyzed in th...

The paper studies the individual composition of n-alkanes, polycycloaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, bi-, tri-, and pentacyclic terpenoids of two peat deposits of rich fen Kirek located in Western Siberia. Considering the individual n-alkanes concentrations, some indexes were calculated to estimate the humidity during peat formation. It was shown that the pH of peat medium primarily affects ste...

SCOPE Inhibiting human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as H1N1 and SARS virus infections. The use of sivelestat, the only clinically registered synthesized HNE inhibitor, is largely limited by its risk of organ toxicity because it irreversibly inhibits HNE. Therefore, potent reversible HNE inhibitors are promising alternatives to s...

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Pentacyclic triterpenes are produced by arrangement of squalene epoxide. These compounds are extremely common and are found in most plants. There are at least 4000 known triterpenes. Many triterpenes occur freely but others occur as glycosides (saponins) or in special combined forms. Pentacyclic triterpenes have a wide spectrum of biological activities and some of them may be useful in medicine...

Pentacyclic triterpenes are naturally found in a great variety of fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants and are therefore part of the human diet. The beneficial health effects of edible and medicinal plants have partly been associated with their triterpene content, but the in vivo efficacy in humans depends on many factors, including absorption and metabolism. This review presents an overview...