In this paper, a pencil graphite electrode was pretreated using chronoamperometry technique in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.0) for sensitive determination of quercetin. Oxidation of quercetin was investigated using pretreated pencil graphite electrode and anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the anodic current of quercetin exhibited linear response to it...

A voltammetric toxic metal of cadmium detection was studied using a fluorine doped graphite pencil electrode (FPE) in a seawater electrolyte. In this study, square wave (SW) stripping and chronoamerometry were used for determination of Cd(II) in seawater. Affordable pencils and an auxiliary electrode were used as reference. All experiments in this study could be performed at reasonable cost by ...

Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) play an important role in human diseases. Traditional detection methods are time consuming and require expensive instruments. Here, we present a simple and sensitive method for the detection of hydroxyl radicals on a microfluidic chip using an electrochemical technique. Aniline monomer is electrochemically polymerized on the surface of a pencil graphite electrode and car...

A biosensor that relies on the adsorption immobilization of the 18-mer single-stranded nucleic acid related to dengue virus gene 1 on activated pencil graphite was developed. Hybridization between the probe and its complementary oligonucleotides (the target) was investigated by monitoring guanine oxidation by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The pencil graphite electrode was made of ordina...

Vu D.L., Ertek B., Dilgin Y., Červenka L. (2015): Voltammetric determination of tannic acid in beverages using pencil graphite electrode. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 72–76. The pretreated pencil graphite electrode (Pre-PGE) prepared by a chronoamperometry technique was applied for the determination of tannic acid using anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry. The currents obtained from volt...

Recent clinical and pre-clinical data demonstrate that adjuvant antimicrobial therapy is beneficial in cancer treatment. For the first time, an electrochemical method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of acyclovir (ACV) and methotrexate (MTX) at activated or electropretreated pencil graphite electrode (EPPEG). Their simultaneous determination was achieved by cyclic voltammetry (CV...

Disposable sensors based on a pencil graphite electrode were described for detection of alkyl phenols. The performances of the disposable bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE) and PGE modified with carbon nanotubes, regarding the cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric determination of 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol, were compared. Some experimental variables of the elec...

In this study, pencil graphite electrode was modified using conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) and grapheme (GF) nanocomposite for electrochemical determination of insulin. Electrochemical behavior of insulin on PGE was investigated using cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) and chronoaprometry (CA) methods. Several effective parameters including pH, concentration, and s...

We proposed new electrodes that are applicable for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring under freshwater- and saltwater-immersion conditions. Our proposed electrodes are made of graphite pencil lead (GPL), a general-purpose writing pencil. We have fabricated two types of electrode: a pencil lead solid type (PLS) electrode and a pencil lead powder type (PLP) electrode. In order to assess the quali...