in this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

in this article using comparative multi-purpose algorithm of pso, optimum capacity of new resources and their spinning storage is defined. spinning reserve requirements and optimized to maximize profit per unit is determined according to uncertainty. in fact by increasing the level of cost reservation, power supply increases but penalty of blackout decreases. in this paper in has been tried to ...

Extensive research has been devoted to resource constrained project scheduling problem. However, little attention has been paid to problems where a certain time penalty must be incurred if activity preemption is allowed. In this paper, we consider the project scheduling problem of minimizing the total cost subject to resource constraints, earliness-tardiness penalties and preemption penalties, ...

Background. Previous studies have shown that an external versus the internal focus of attention is an effective and efficient method to improve athleteschr('39') performance under anxious conditions. Objectives. The current study aimed to assess the effect of the practice with a distinct focus of attention on the penalty kicking performance of adolescent soccer players with different expertise...

This paper presents a multi-criteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW) to mini-mize fleet cost, routes cost, and violation of soft time windows penalty. In this case, the fleet is heterogene-ous. The VRPSTW consists of a number of constraints in which vehicles are allowed to serve customers out of the desirable time window by a penalty. It is assumed that this relaxation a...

extensive research has been devoted to resource constrained project scheduling problem. however, little attention has been paid to problems where a certain time penalty must be incurred if activity preemption is allowed. in this paper, we consider the project scheduling problem of minimizing the total cost subject to resource constraints, earliness-tardiness penalties and preemption penalties, ...

In inventory, the utility of the deteriorating items decreases with time. The degree of deterioration of product utility can be treated as penalty cost in the inventory replenishment system. In this paper, we present EOQ model for those perishable products, which do not deteriorate for some period of time and after that time they continuously deteriorate with time and loose their importance. Th...