the present paper studies the reproductive biology, maturation size and sex ratio of penaeus monodon collected from digha fishing grounds, india during 2011-2013.  a total of 633 individual of p. monodon were examined and among them 242 were males and 391 were females. the overall yearly sex ratio was observed to be 1:1.6 (males: females). based on the results, the spawning season of p. monodon...

Four species of penaeid prawn cultured in Australia (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus esculentus, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) were injected with a virulent preparation of gill-associated virus (GAV). P. monodon (average weight = 8.9, 13.9 and 19.2 g), P. esculentus (average weight = 19.5 g), F. merguiensis (average weight = 10.5 g), and small (average weight = 5.8 g) M. japon...

Seafood constitutes an important food component and a cheap source of protein in developing countries. Shrimps are prone to bacterial contamination in their environment and have been frequently implicated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Of the 121 Penaeus monodon collected from coastal beaches in Douala, 79(65.3%) were contaminated with Vibrio spp. Presumed Vibrio sp. were identified by s...

It is estimated that approximately 60% of disease losses in shrimp aquaculture have been caused by viral pathogens and 20% by bacterial pathogens. By comparison, losses to fungi and parasites have been relatively small. For bacterial pathogens, Vibrio species are the most important while for viral pathogens importance has changed since 2003 when domesticated and genetically selected stocks of t...

A study was undertaken to determine the most effective element among the commonly used antimicrobial agents, especially in the body muscle of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) on the basis of different chemical interventions. Using 10 ppm calcium hypochlorite, the microbial load has been reduced more significantly (p>0.001) than trisodiu...

We describe a duplex real-time PCR assay using TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection of monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). Both MBV and HPV are shrimp enteric viruses that infect intestinal and hepatopancreatic epithelial cells. Both viruses can cause significant mortalities and depressed growth in infected larval, postlarval, and early juvenile stages of sh...

The giant or black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, was formerly the dominant cultured shrimp species in Asia. Since approximately 2002, it has been essentially replaced by the domesticated American whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei. The change in dominant species has affected disease concerns. For both species, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and yellow head virus (YHV) are the most lethal. For P. mo...

Yellow head virus infects cultured shrimps and causes severe mortality resulting in a great economic loss. Haemolymph injection of dsRNA(pro) corresponding to the protease motif of YHV genome resulted in a complete inhibition of YHV replication. The effect of dsRNA lasted for at least 5 days. Injecting sequence-unrelated dsRNA(gfp) or dsRNA(TSV-pol) also resulted in an inhibition of YHV replica...

Translationally controlled tumour proteins (TCTP) cDNA were cloned from the haemolymph of Scylla paramamosain by reverse transcription PCR using primers derived from Penaeus monodon. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed 507 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 168 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass and pI of approximately 19.2 kDa and 4.5, respectively. Interestingly, mud crab...

The beneficial effects of probiotics have been attributed to their ability to promote the immunological and nonimmunological defense barrier in the gut, normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microflora. Twelve different intestinal bacterial colonies were isolated from Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Among them strain PPP 13 was studied and characterized due to...