pedestrian areas are a type of urban public space, nowadays because of the serious consequencesof car-dependency and ignoring pedestrian needs, a consensus on the importance of walking and the necessity forplanning for pedestrians movement has been formed among urban designers, planners and people. the concernsabout human health and movement in city create a new trend in contemporary urbanism, ...

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. For evaluating and modifying pedestrian safety in unsignalized crosswalks,the first important issue is to identify and explore factors affecting the interaction behavior of pedestrians andvehicles in conflict areas. By analyzing those factors and determining how they affect road user's behavior, we canrepresent the plans and proc...

crashes, but subsequent studies extended the methodology to rural and freeway crashes (3). From this research evolved the basic pedestrian crash typology, which remains a cornerstone of much of NHTSA’s pedestrian safety activity, as well as that of FHWA. Crash types describe behaviorally similar precrash actions that lead to characteristic pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions. For example, precr...

In metropolitan areas, a potentially large number of pedestrians depend either on transit or other modes for evacuation, or need to walk a distance to access their passenger cars. In the process of approaching some designated pick-up points for evacuation, the massive number of pedestrians may incur tremendous burden to the vehicles on the roadway network. Thus, an effective coordination betwee...

ITE JOURNAL / AUGUST 1999 PEDESTRIAN ZONES HAVE become a familiar feature in the central areas of European cities. Private cars are always excluded from these zones, while delivery vehicles are permitted during off-peak hours. Bicycles and taxis are typically relegated to a circumferential service road. Some have argued that such rigid traffic separation contributes to economic and environmenta...

Insight into walking behavior is essential for theory and model development describing the behavior of individual pedestrians. In turn, microscopic pedestrian simulation models can be used to test and compare different infrastructure designs, both from the perspective of efficiency and safety. To calibrate these microscopic models, detailed data is required. However, currently such data is not ...

Pedestrian and cyclist crossing characteristics are important for the design of urban intersections and signalized crossings. Parameters, such as waiting time, crossing time, and arrival rate are key variables for describing pedestrian characteristics and improving crossing design and signal timing plan. Manually collecting such data is often extremely labor intensive. Therefore, we introduce a...

The pedestrian-level wind environment quality in street canyons formed by high-rise buildings and other low-level buildings could be affected by multiple factors, such as the height and geometry of the surrounding buildings, street width, wind direction, and wind speed. This study conducted wind tunnel experiments to determine the characteristics of the pedestrian-level wind environment in stre...

PROBLEM Every year numerous occupational fatalities result from pedestrians being struck by motor vehicles intruding into work zones. METHOD Attributes of retroreflective personal safety garments on pedestrian conspicuity at night were assessed in a field study. Using instrumented vehicles on a closed track, participants drove through simulated work zones attempting to detect pedestrians loca...

BACKGROUND The current political agenda aims to promote active environments and physical activity while commuting to work, but research on it has provided mixed results. This study examines whether the proximity of green space and people's residence in different travel-related urban zones contributes to commuting physical activity. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional health examination s...