this study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of sulfadiazine on embryonic chicken pectoral muscles. in total, 100 fertile eggs were obtained and divided into five groups of control (no injection) and sulfadiazine injection at doses of 2, 10, 30, and 70 mg/kg. after hatching, pectoral muscle tissues were harvested from the newly hatched chickens for histopathological examinatio...

To investigate the effect of humidity and ammonia on the antioxidative capacities and meat qualities of broilers, 192 broilers were divided into 2 groups: high (H, 70 ppm) and low (L, 30 ppm) ammonia concentration. These groups were divided into 30% (Treatment humidity, T) and 60% (Control humidity, C) humidity, giving 4 treatments: C+L, C+H, T+L, and T+H. Blood and muscle antioxidative capacit...

Pectoral major flap is one of most frequently used flaps in head and neck reconstruction. The wide attractiveness of this flap is based on secure vascular stalk made from pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. The aim of study was to analyze the variations in vascular supply of pectoral major muscle. The investigation was performed on 30 fetuses from 20 to 36 gestation week both gender. For...

After initial patterning, muscle in the trunk and fins of teleosts grows extensively. Here, we describe muscle growth in zebrafish, with emphasis on the pectoral fin musculature. In the trunk, slow muscle fibers differentiate first. In contrast, slow muscle does not appear in the pectoral fin until the beginning of the juvenile period. Mosaic hyperplasia contributes to trunk muscle growth, and ...

We used ultrasonic imaging to monitor short-term changes in the pectoral muscle size of captive red knots Calidris canutus. Pectoral muscle thickness changed rapidly and consistently in parallel with body mass changes caused by flight, fasting and fuelling. Four knots flew repeatedly for 10 h periods in a wind tunnel. Over this period, pectoral muscle thickness decreased in parallel with the de...

Pectoral muscle identification is often required for breast cancer risk analysis, such as estimating breast density. Traditional methods are overwhelmingly based on manual visual assessment or straight line fitting for the pectoral muscle boundary, which are inefficient and inaccurate since pectoral muscle in mammograms can have curved boundaries. This paper proposes a novel and automatic pecto...

Currently Mammography is a most effective imaging modality used by radiologists for the screening of breast cancer. Finding an accurate, robust and efficient breast region segmentation technique still remains a challenging problem in digital mammography. Extraction of the breast profile region and the removal of pectoral muscle are essential pre-processing steps in Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD...

In most of the approaches of computer-aided detection of breast cancer, one of the preprocessing steps applied to the mammogram is the removal/suppression of pectoral muscle, as its presence within the mammogram may adversely affect the outcome of cancer detection processes. Through this study, we propose an efficient automatic method using the watershed transformation for identifying the pecto...

The pectoral muscle represents a predominant density region in Medio-Lateral Oblique (MLO) views of mammograms, which appears at approximately the same density as the dense tissues of interest in the image and can affect the results of image analysis methods. Therefore, segmentation of pectoral muscle is important in order to limit the search for the breast abnormalities only to the breast regi...

Currently Mammography is a most effective imaging modality used by radiologists for the screening of breast cancer. Finding an accurate, robust and efficient breast region segmentation technique still remains a challenging problem in digital mammography. Extraction of the breast profile region and the removal of pectoral muscle are essential pre-processing steps in Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD...