study of the osteological development in fishes is important from fisheries, biology and aquaculture points of views. it can be used as an early bio-indicator of non-optimal rearing conditions. the caspian roach, rutilus caspicus is a native cyprinid fish of the caspian sea that its artificial propagation has fulfilled in hatcheries to recruit its natural stocks. hence, this study was conducted...

The configuration of the pectoral girdle bones and muscles of numerous catfishes was studied in detail and compared with that of other siluriforms, as well as of other teleosts, described in the literature. The pectoral girdle of catfishes is composed of only three bones, which probably correspond to the posttemporo-supracleithrum (posttemporal + supracleithrum), scapulo-coracoid (scapula + cor...

Th e muscles of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Denticeps clupeoides are described and compared with those of other otocephalans (= clupeomorphs + ostariophysans). In general, the confi guration of the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of Denticeps seems to correspond to the plesiomorphic condition for extant otocephalans, the main exceptions being: the dilatator operculi, which i...

BACKGROUND The pectoral and pelvic girdles support paired fins and limbs, and have transformed significantly in the diversification of gnathostomes or jawed vertebrates (including osteichthyans, chondrichthyans, acanthodians and placoderms). For instance, changes in the pectoral and pelvic girdles accompanied the transition of fins to limbs as some osteichthyans (a clade that contains the vast ...

The interplay between the pectoral module (the pectoral girdle and limbs) and the pelvic module (the pelvic girdle and limbs) plays a key role in shaping avian evolution, but prior empirical studies on trait covariation between the two modules are limited. Here we empirically test whether (size-corrected) sternal keel length and ilium length are correlated during avian evolution using phylogene...

Here we present the first study comparing all the paired appendages muscles of representatives of each major extant gnathostome group. We address a crucial and enigmatic question in evolutionary and comparative anatomy: Why are the pelvic and pectoral appendages of gnathostomes, and particularly of tetrapods, in general so similar to each other? We argue that an integrative analysis of the new ...

Limb girdle myasthenic syndromes are rare genetic disorders described under the broad heterogeneous group known as congenital myasthenic syndromes and present with mixed features of myasthenia and myopathy. The familial limb girdle myasthenia has been described as one with selective weakness of pectoral and pelvic girdles, showing a positive response to edrophonium chloride. A report of two sis...

bones of the pectoral girdle skeleton in representatives of 48 genera in 41 families of eurypterygian fishes were studied. the structure and position of the pectoral girdle is relatively stable in eurypterygians. it consists of the extrascapula, posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum, postcleithrum, scapula, coracoid, actinosts, and fin rays. an ectocoracoid is present in some gasterosteiforme...

In the last decades, Danio rerio became one of the most used model organisms in various evo-devo studies devoted to the fin skeletal anatomy and fin-limb transition. Surprisingly, there is not even a single paper about the detailed anatomy of the adult muscles of the five fin types of this species. To facilitate more integrative developmental, functional, genetic, and evolutionary studies of th...