background: the aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of ovine dicrocoeliasis. methods : during dec 2013 - oct 2014, seventy-two sheep (1-3 years) with liver dicrocoeliasis along with 47 healthy sheep were selected from animals admitted for slaughtering at slaughterhouse located in neyshabour, razavi khorasan province, iran. results : in comparison t...

objective(s):cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a parasitic disease caused by various species of the flagellated protozoan, leishmania. regardless of the numerous studies, there are still serious challenges in the treatment of cl. this study aimed at evaluating the influence of a low dose ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation along with silver nanoparticles (agnps) on a mouse model of cl induced by leishm...

Objective(s): Because leishmaniasis is related to the impaired functioning of T-cells, the use of an immunomodulator can increase the efficacy of antileishmanial therapy in visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, we used shark cartilage extract with artemisinin and glucantime against visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, and evaluated the synergistic therapeutic effect. Materials and Methods: Th...

This is an investigation of the impact of salinity on transovarial transmission and burden of a microsporidian sex ratio distorter in the inter-tidal crustacean Gammarus duebeni. Exposure of parasitized mothers to increased salinity during the gonotrophic cycle caused an increase in parasite burden in the follicle cells and a decrease in burden in the oocytes. It appears that salinity impedes p...

In 2010, there were estimated 219 million cases of malaria resulting in 666,000 deaths and two-thirds were children. Children are more vulnerable than adults to malaria parasites. In sub-Saharan African countries, maternal malaria is associated with up to 200,000 estimated infant deaths yearly. Malaria is caused by five Plasmodium parasites namely: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasm...

We present a simple unscaled, quantitative framework that addresses the optimum use of resources throughout a host's lifetime based on continuous exposure to parasites (rather than evolutionary, genetically explicit trade-offs). The principal assumptions are that a host's investment of resources in growth increases its survival and reproduction, and that increasing parasite burden reduces survi...

The global increase in antibiotic use has led to contamination of freshwater environments. Despite the identified impacts antibiotics on humans and wildlife, effect host–parasite life cycles is relatively unexplored. In current study, we utilize trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni, its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, investigate influence an ecologically relevant concentratio...

The apolipoprotein E4 (E4) allele is present worldwide, despite its associations with higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity, accelerated cognitive decline during aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The E4 allele is especially prevalent in some tropical regions with a high parasite burden. Equatorial populations also face a potential dual burden of high E4 prevalence combined with parasitic i...